Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi n'ikoreshwa
Imashini zihindura ingufu ni ingenzi mu miyoboro itandukanye y'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu. Zihindura umuyoboro usimburana (AC) ukajya umuyoboro uyobora (DC), zigatanga ingufu zikenewe ku bikoresho byinshi n'imikorere. Mu moko atandukanye y'imashini zihindura ingufu, imashini zihindura ingufu za pulse na polarity rectifiers zigaragaza imiterere yazo yihariye n'imikorere yazo. Iyi nkuru irasesengura itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubwo bwoko bubiri bw'imashini zihindura ingufu, amahame ngiro yazo, ibyiza byazo, ingaruka mbi, n'imikorere yazo.
Imashini zigarura ubushyuhe bw'ingufu
Ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi (pulse rectifiers), bizwi kandi nka pulsed rectifiers cyangwa controlled rectifiers, ni ibikoresho bihindura AC muri DC hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigenzurwa nka thyristors cyangwa silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Ibi bikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba kugenzura neza voltage n'amashanyarazi bisohoka.
Ihame ry'imikorere
Imikorere ya pulse rectifier ikubiyemo kugenzura inguni y’inguni ya voltage ya AC yinjizwa. Mu guhindura inguni itera imbaraga ya SCR, voltage ya DC isohoka ishobora kugenzurwa. Iyo SCR itangiye gukora, ituma umuriro unyura kugeza igihe AC cycle igeze kuri zeru, aho SCR izimira. Iyi gahunda isubiramo kuri buri gice cy’inguni ya AC, bigatuma DC isohoka.
Ibyiza
Kugenzura neza: Imashini zitunganya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, bigatuma ziba nziza ku bikoresho bisaba ko DC isohora neza.
Ikora neza cyane: Izi mashini zikosora imikorere yazo zikora neza cyane, kuko zigabanya ibura ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo guhindura imikorere yazo.
Koroshya: Imashini zitunganya umuvuduko w'amaraso zishobora kwihanganira imizigo itandukanye kandi zikwiriye ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bya AC.
Imbogamizi
Ingorane: Imiterere y'ibikoresho bikosora impumuro y'umutima iragoye kurusha iy'ibikoresho byoroshye bikosora impumuro, bisaba ibindi bice byo gutera no kugenzura.
Igiciro: Bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigenzurwa n'inyongera ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, muri rusange ibikoresho bihindura imikorere y'umutima birahenze cyane.
Porogaramu
Imashini zitunganya impumuro (pulse rectifiers) zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, harimo:
1.Imiyoboro y'umuvuduko uhindagurika: Igamije kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri za AC.
2.Ingufu z'amashanyarazi: Mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigenzurwa n'amategeko ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
3.Gusudira: Mu bikoresho byo gusudira aho kugenzura neza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ari ngombwa.
4.Gukwirakwiza HVDC: Muri sisitemu yo gutumanaho ifite voltage ihanitse (HVDC) kugira ngo ikore neza
Ibikoresho byo Gusubiza inyuma bya Polarity
Ibikoresho bihindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi bya Polarity, bizwi kandi nka rectifiers zo kurinda polarity cyangwa rectifiers zo kurinda amashanyarazi ya reverse, byagenewe kurinda imiyoboro yangiza imiterere y’amashanyarazi bitewe n’imiyoboro ya polarity idakwiye. Bituma imiyoboro ikora neza nubwo polarity y’amashanyarazi yaba yasubitswe.
Ihame ry'imikorere
Igice cy'ingenzi cya polarity reverse rectifier ni diode cyangwa uruvange rwa diode. Iyo ihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye n'amashanyarazi, diode yemerera umuriro gutembera mu cyerekezo gikwiye gusa. Iyo polarity isubijwe inyuma, diode ifunga umuriro, ikarinda kwangirika k'uruziga.
Mu miterere igezweho, MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) zikoreshwa mu gutanga volteji nkeya imbere no gukora neza cyane ugereranije na diode. Izi rectifier zishingiye kuri MOSFET zihita zihindura polarity ikwiye kandi zigatuma circuit ikora neza.
Ibyiza
Uburinzi bw'Uruziga: Ibikoresho bihindura ikirere bya Polarity birinda neza ibice by'ikoranabuhanga byangiritse bitewe n'imiyoboro idakwiye ya polarity.
Ubworoherane: Igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye kandi gishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bworoshye mu miyoboro isanzweho.
Ku giciro gito: Imashini zihindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi zishingiye kuri diode zirahendutse kandi ziraboneka byoroshye.
Imbogamizi
Kugabanuka kwa Voltage: Imashini zihindura imikorere zishingiye kuri Diode zitanga kugabanuka kwa voltage imbere, bishobora kugabanya imikorere rusange ya circuit.
Igenzura Riciriritse: Izi mashini zikosora umuriro ntizigenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuriro, kuko umurimo wazo w'ingenzi ari uburinzi.
Porogaramu
Udukoresho two gukosora inyuma ya polarity dukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye aho kurinda polarity inyuma ari ingenzi cyane, harimo:
1.Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi: Bikoreshwa mu bikoresho nka telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitwarwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakora neza.
2.Imodoka: Mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga by'imodoka kugira ngo birinde imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku miyoboro ya bateri isubira inyuma.
3.Sisitemu z'ingufu z'izuba: Kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza y'izuba no gukumira kwangirika kw'ingufu zikomoka kuri polarity.
4.Gushyushya Bateri: Kurinda imiyoboro yo gushyushya bateri mu buryo butari bwo.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi
Nubwo ibikoresho bihindura imikorere y'umutima (pulse rectifiers) na polarity reverse rectifiers byombi bigira uruhare runini muri sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga, imikorere yabyo n'ikoreshwa ryabyo biratandukanye cyane.
Imikorere: Imashini zihindura amashanyarazi zibanda ku guhindura AC muri DC zifite uburyo bwo kugenzura neza umusaruro, mu gihe mashini zihindura amashanyarazi zigamije kurinda imikorere y’amashanyarazi kwangirika bitewe n’imiyoboro idakwiye ya polarity.
Ibice: Imashini zitunganya impumuro zikoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigenzurwa nka SCR, mu gihe mashini zitunganya polarity reverse zikoresha diodes cyangwa MOSFET.
Ingorane: Imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi (pulse rectifiers) ziragoye cyane kandi zikenera uburyo bwo kuzigenzura bwiyongereye, mu gihe izihindura imiterere y'amajwi (polarity reverse rectifiers) zo zifite imiterere yoroshye.
Imikoreshereze: Imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi zikoreshwa mu nganda no mu ngufu zikomeye, mu gihe imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, mu modoka no mu mirasire y'izuba.
Umwanzuro
Imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi n'izihindura imiterere y'amajwi ni ingenzi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki bugezweho, buri imwe ikora imirimo itandukanye. Imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi zitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura no kunoza neza ihinduka rya AC na DC, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu nganda. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi zitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku miyoboro mibi ya polarity, zigatuma ibikoresho na sisitemu bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga bigumana umutekano kandi byizewe. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'izi mashini zihindura imiterere y'amajwi bifasha mu guhitamo igice gikwiye cyo gukoresha mu buryo bwihariye, amaherezo bikanoza imikorere no kuramba kw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-03-2024
