Gukosora umuringa nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, cyane cyane mubikorwa byo gutunganya amashanyarazi no gutunganya ibyuma. Ibi bikosora bigira uruhare runini muguhindura imiyoboro ihindagurika (AC) mumashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) kugirango itunganyirizwe amashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa ihame ryakazi rya electrolytike yumuringa ikosora nibyingenzi kugirango dusobanukirwe nakamaro kabo mubikorwa byinganda.
Ihame ryakazi ryumuringa wa electrolytike wumuringa urimo guhindura AC kuri DC binyuze muburyo bwa electrolysis. Electrolysis ninzira yimiti ikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango itware imiti idahwitse. Kubijyanye no gutunganya umuringa, ikosora yorohereza gushira umuringa usukuye kuri cathode unyuza umuyoboro wa DC ugenzurwa unyuze mumashanyarazi ya sulfate.
Ibice byibanze bigize electrolytike yumuringa ikosora harimo transformateur, ikosora, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura. Transformator ishinzwe kumanura amashanyarazi menshi ya AC kumashanyarazi yo hasi akwiranye na electrolytike. Igice cyo gukosora, ubusanzwe kigizwe na diode cyangwa thyristors, gihindura AC muri DC mukwemerera gutembera mubyerekezo kimwe gusa. Sisitemu yo kugenzura igenga ibisohoka n’umuvuduko kugirango bigaragare neza kandi bihamye kugirango gutunganya amashanyarazi.
Igikorwa cyo gutunganya umuringa wa electrolytike gitangirana no gutegura electrolyte, ikaba igisubizo cya sulfate y'umuringa na aside sulfurike. Anode, ubusanzwe ikozwe mu muringa utanduye, na cathode, ikozwe mu muringa usukuye, yibizwa muri electrolyte. Iyo ikosora ikora, ihindura itangwa rya AC kuri DC, kandi ikigezweho kiva kuri anode kijya muri cathode binyuze muri electrolyte.
Kuri anode, umuringa wanduye uhura na okiside, urekura ion z'umuringa muri electrolyte. Izi ion z'umuringa noneho zimuka binyuze mumuti hanyuma zishyirwa kuri cathode nkumuringa wera. Uku gutembera kwimyuka no guhitamo kwinjiza umuringa ion kuri cathode bivamo kweza umuringa, bigatuma bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.
Ihame ryakazi ryo gukosora umuringa wa electrolytique rishingiye kumategeko shingiro ya electrolysis, cyane cyane amategeko ya Faraday. Aya mategeko agenga ibintu byinshi bya electrolysis kandi atanga urufatiro rwo gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati y’ibintu byabitswe n’umubare w'amashanyarazi wanyuze muri electrolyte.
Itegeko rya mbere rya Faraday rivuga ko ingano y’imihindagurikire y’imiti ikorwa n’umuyagankuba ihwanye n’umubare w'amashanyarazi wanyuze muri electrolyte. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya umuringa wa electrolytike, iri tegeko rigena ingano yumuringa usukuye washyizwe kuri cathode hashingiwe kumuyoboro unyura mugukosora hamwe nigihe cya electrolysis.
Itegeko rya kabiri rya Faraday rivuga umubare wibintu byashyizwe mugihe cya electrolysis nuburemere bungana bwibintu hamwe numuriro w'amashanyarazi wanyuze muri electrolyte. Iri tegeko ni ngombwa mu kumenya imikorere y’umuringa wa electrolytike no gutunganya umusaruro uhoraho w’umuringa wo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Usibye amategeko ya Faraday, ihame ryakazi ryo gukosora umuringa wa electrolytike ririmo no gutekereza ku kugenzura ingufu za voltage, kugenzura ibyagezweho, hamwe nuburyo rusange bwo gutunganya. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikosora igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga ingufu zifuzwa nu rwego rwubu, zikenewe kugirango tugere ku bwiza bwifuzwa n’ubuziranenge bw’umuringa utunganijwe.
Byongeye kandi, imikorere yuburyo bwo gutunganya umuringa wa electrolytike iterwa nimpamvu nkubushyuhe, guhindagurika kwa electrolyte, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya selile. Izi ngingo zirashobora kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo guta umuringa, gukoresha ingufu zikosora, hamwe nigiciro rusange cyibikorwa byo gutunganya.
Mu gusoza, ihame ryakazi rya electrolytike yumuringa ikosora yashinze imizi mumahame ya electrolysis nubuhanga bwamashanyarazi. Muguhindura AC kuri DC no kugenzura voltage numuyoboro mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amashanyarazi, ibyo bikosora bituma habaho umusaruro wumuringa wo murwego rwohejuru, usukuye mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo bukomeye bwo gukosora umuringa wa electrolytique ningirakamaro mugutezimbere imikorere ningirakamaro mubikorwa byo gutunganya umuringa mubijyanye ninganda zigezweho.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-19-2024
