Ikibaho cyacapwe cyumuzingo (PCBs) nigice cyingenzi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, bikora nk'ishingiro ryibigize bituma ibyo bikoresho bikora. PCBs igizwe nibikoresho byububiko, mubisanzwe bikozwe muri fiberglass, hamwe n'inzira ziyobora zometse cyangwa zacapishijwe hejuru kugirango zihuze ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize PCB ni ugupanga, bigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza imikorere no kwizerwa bya PCB. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacukumbura inzira yo gufata plaque ya PCB, akamaro kayo, nubwoko butandukanye bwibisahani bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya PCB.
Gushyira PCB ni iki?
Isahani ya PCB ninzira yo gushira icyuma cyoroshye cyane hejuru yubutaka bwa PCB n'inzira ziyobora. Iyi plaque ikora intego nyinshi, zirimo kongera ubworoherane bwinzira, kurinda umuringa wagaragaye hejuru ya okiside no kwangirika, no gutanga ubuso bwo kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kurubaho. Uburyo bwo gufata amasahani busanzwe bukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwamashanyarazi, nka plaque idafite amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi, kugirango ugere kubyimbye byifuzwa hamwe nimiterere yikibaho.
Akamaro ka PCB
Isahani ya PCB ningirakamaro kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, itezimbere inzira yumuringa, yemeza ko ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bishobora kugenda neza hagati yibigize. Ibi nibyingenzi byingenzi muburyo bwihuse kandi bwihuse porogaramu aho uburinganire bwibimenyetso nibyingenzi. Byongeye kandi, icyapa gikozwe neza gikora nkimbogamizi yibidukikije nkubushuhe nibihumanya, bishobora gutesha agaciro imikorere ya PCB mugihe runaka. Byongeye kandi, isahani itanga ubuso bwo kugurisha, bigatuma ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bifatanwa neza ku kibaho, bigakora amashanyarazi yizewe.
Ubwoko bwa PCB
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamasahani akoreshwa mubikorwa bya PCB, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye hamwe nibisabwa. Bumwe mubwoko busanzwe bwa plaque ya PCB harimo:
1. Igizwe nigice gito cya nikel idafite amashanyarazi ikurikirwa na zahabu yo kwibiza, itanga ubuso bunoze kandi bworoshye bwo kugurisha mugihe urinze umuringa wimbere okiside.
2. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe na porogaramu zo mu kirere.
3. Amabati yamashanyarazi: Amabati asanzwe akoreshwa nkuburyo buhendutse kuri PCBs. Itanga solderabilité nziza hamwe na ruswa irwanya ruswa, bigatuma ikwiranye nibikorwa rusange-bigenewe aho ikiguzi ari ikintu gikomeye.
4. Nyamara, ikunda kwanduzwa ugereranije no gufata zahabu.
Inzira yo Gushiraho
Isahani isanzwe itangirana no gutegura substrate ya PCB, ikubiyemo gusukura no gukora ubuso kugirango hafatwe neza neza. Kubijyanye no gufata amashanyarazi, ubwogero bwa chimique burimo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikoreshwa mu gushyira igicucu cyoroshye kuri substrate binyuze muri catalitiki. Ku rundi ruhande, amashanyarazi arimo kwibiza PCB mu gisubizo cya electrolyte no kuyinyuramo amashanyarazi kugira ngo ashyire icyuma hejuru.
Mugihe cyo gufata amasahani, ni ngombwa kugenzura ubunini nuburinganire bwurwego rushyizweho kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byihariye bya PCB. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe kugenzura neza ibipimo byerekana isahani, nkibisubizo byibisubizo, ubushyuhe, ubucucike buriho, nigihe cyo gufata. Ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, harimo gupima umubyimba hamwe n’ibizamini bya adhesion, nazo zikorwa kugirango harebwe ubusugire bwurwego.
Ibibazo n'ibitekerezo
Mugihe isahani ya PCB itanga inyungu nyinshi, haribibazo bimwe nibitekerezo bijyanye nibikorwa. Imwe mu mbogamizi ihuriweho ni ukugera ku mubyimba umwe wa PCB yose, cyane cyane mubishushanyo mbonera bifite ubucucike butandukanye. Ibishushanyo mbonera bikwiye, nko gukoresha masike ya plaque hamwe nibimenyetso byateganijwe, ni ngombwa kugirango habeho isahani imwe kandi ikora amashanyarazi ahoraho.
Ibidukikije byita ku bidukikije nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu isahani ya PCB, kubera ko imiti n’imyanda ikorwa mugihe cyo gufata amasahani bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Nkigisubizo, abakora PCB benshi barimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gufata neza ibidukikije nibikoresho kugirango bagabanye ingaruka kubidukikije.
Mubyongeyeho, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nubunini bigomba guhuza nibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu ya PCB. Kurugero, umuvuduko wihuta wumurongo wa digitale urashobora gusaba isahani ndende kugirango ugabanye gutakaza ibimenyetso, mugihe imirongo ya RF na microwave ishobora kugirira akamaro ibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango ibungabunge ubuziranenge bwibihe byinshi.
Ibizaza muri PCB
Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, urwego rwa plaque ya PCB narwo rugenda rutera imbere kugirango rwuzuze ibisabwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bizakurikiraho. Ikintu kimwe kigaragara ni iterambere ryibikoresho byateguwe neza hamwe nibikorwa bitanga imikorere inoze, kwiringirwa, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibi birimo ubushakashatsi bwubundi buryo bwo gusya hamwe nubuso burangiza kugirango bikemure ibintu bigenda byiyongera hamwe na miniaturizasi yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, guhuza tekiniki zateye imbere, nka pulse na reverse pulse plaque, bigenda byiyongera kugirango bigere ku bunini bunini kandi bugereranije n’ibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB. Ubu buhanga butuma habaho kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gufata amasahani, bikavamo kuzamura uburinganire no guhuzagurika muri PCB.
Mu gusoza, isahani ya PCB ni ikintu gikomeye mu gukora PCB, igira uruhare runini mu kwemeza imikorere, kwiringirwa, n’imikorere y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Uburyo bwo gufata amasahani, hamwe no guhitamo ibikoresho nubuhanga, bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumashanyarazi na mashini ya PCB. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, iterambere ryibisubizo bishya bizakenerwa kugirango huzuzwe ibyifuzo byinganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bigatera imbere no guhanga udushya mubikorwa bya PCB.
T: Gufata PCB: Gusobanukirwa inzira nakamaro kayo
D: Icapa ryumuzingo wacapwe (PCBs) nigice cyingenzi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, bikora nk'ishingiro ryibigize bituma ibyo bikoresho bikora. PCBs igizwe nibikoresho byububiko, mubisanzwe bikozwe muri fiberglass, hamwe n'inzira ziyobora zometse cyangwa zacapishijwe hejuru kugirango zihuze ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki.
K: isahani ya pcb
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024
