Isuzuma ritangiza: Ubwoko n'ikoreshwa

Gupima bidasenya ni iki?

Gupima bidasenya ni uburyo bwiza butuma abagenzuzi bakusanya amakuru batagize icyo bangiza. Bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma inenge n'ibyangiritse biri imbere mu bintu hatabayeho gusenya cyangwa kwangiza ibicuruzwa.

Gupima bidasenya (NDT) no kugenzura bidasenya (NDI) ni amagambo asa n’ayavuga isuzuma ritagize icyo ryangiza ku kintu. Mu yandi magambo, NDT ikoreshwa mu gupima bidasenya, mu gihe NDI ikoreshwa mu kugenzura nabi.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, isuzuma ritangiza (NDT) n'isuzuma ritangiza (NDI) bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, byombi bivuga ku isuzuma ry'ibintu nta cyangiritse. Mu yandi magambo, NDT ikoreshwa mu isuzuma ritangiza, mu gihe NDI ikoreshwa mu isuzuma ryatsinze/ritsinzwe. Kubera ko iki gice gikubiyemo uburyo bwa NDT mu isuzuma ritangiza, ni byiza gutandukanya ibyo byombi bitewe n'uko ubishyira mu bikorwa n'icyo ugamije.

Intego ebyiri za NDT ni izi zikurikira:

Isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge: Kugenzura ibibazo biri mu bicuruzwa byakozwe n'ibice byabyo. Urugero, bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa, inenge zo gusudira, nibindi.

Isuzuma ry'ubuzima: Kwemeza ko imikorere y'umuti itekanye. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ibitagenda neza mu ikoreshwa ry'inyubako n'ibikorwa remezo mu gihe kirekire.
Ibyiza byo gupima bidasenya

Gupima ibintu bidasenya bitanga uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kugenzura ibintu nk'uko bikurikira.

Ubuhanga bwo hejuru, byoroshye kubona inenge zitagaragara hejuru.
Nta byangiritse ku bintu, birahari kugira ngo bigenzurwe byose.
Kongera icyizere cy'ibicuruzwa
Shaka gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ku gihe
Impamvu ikizamini kidasenya ari cyiza cyane kandi gitanga umusaruro ni uko gishobora kugaragaza inenge z'imbere mu kintu kitangiritse. Ubu buryo busa n'isuzuma rya X-ray, rishobora kugaragaza aho cyavunitse bigoye gupima uturutse inyuma.

Isuzuma ritangiza ibicuruzwa (NDT) rishobora gukoreshwa mu igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa mbere yo koherezwa, kuko ubu buryo butanduza cyangwa ngo bwangize ibicuruzwa. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byagenzuwe bigenzurwa neza, ibyo bigatuma umusaruro wizewe. Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, hashobora kuba hakenewe ingamba nyinshi zo kubitegura, zishobora kuba zihenze cyane.

Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukoresha Uburyo bwa NDT

Hari uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu igerageza ritangiza, kandi bufite urwego rutandukanye bitewe n'inenge cyangwa ibikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa.

Isuzuma rya Radiographic (RT)

Isuzuma ritangiza ibintu (NDT) rishobora gukoreshwa mu igenzura mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kuko ubu buryo budahumanya cyangwa ngo bwangize ibicuruzwa. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byagenzuwe bibona igenzura ryiza, bityo byongera icyizere cy'ibicuruzwa. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, hashobora kuba hakenewe ingamba nyinshi zo kubitegura, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane. Isuzuma rya X-ray (RT) rikoresha imirasire ya gamma kugira ngo rigenzure ibintu. RT imenya inenge ikoresheje itandukaniro mu bugari bw'ishusho mu mfuruka zitandukanye. Tomography ya mudasobwa (CT) ni bumwe mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho ya NDT mu nganda butanga amashusho y'ibintu mu bice bitandukanye na 3D mu gihe cyo kubigenzura. Ubu buryo bwemerera gusesengura neza inenge z'imbere cyangwa ubunini. Ikwiriye gupima ubugari bw'ibyuma no gukora iperereza ry'imbere mu nyubako. Mbere yo gukoresha sisitemu, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigomba kwitabwaho: hagomba kwitonderwa cyane mu ikoreshwa ry'imirasire. RT ikoreshwa mu isesengura ry'imbere rya bateri za lithium-ion n'amabati y'amashanyarazi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kumenya inenge mu miyoboro na welds byashyizwe mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, inganda, n'izindi nyubako.

Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT)

Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT) rikoresha imiraba ya Ultrasonic kugira ngo rimenye ibintu. Mu gupima ishusho y'imiraba y'amajwi ku buso bw'ibikoresho, UT ishobora kumenya imiterere y'imbere y'ibintu. UT ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi nk'uburyo bwo gupima budasenya ibintu butangiza ibikoresho. Ikoreshwa mu kumenya inenge z'imbere mu bicuruzwa n'inenge mu bikoresho bihuye nka coils zizungurutse. Sisitemu za UT ni nziza kandi zoroshye gukoresha, ariko zifite imbogamizi iyo bigeze ku bikoresho bifite imiterere idasanzwe. Zikoreshwa mu kumenya inenge z'imbere mu bicuruzwa no kugenzura ibikoresho bihuye nka coils zizungurutse.

Isuzuma rya Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) (ET)

Mu igeragezwa rya eddy current (EC), coil ifite umuvuduko usimburana ishyirwa hafi y'ubuso bw'ikintu. Umuvuduko uri muri coil utanga umuvuduko uzenguruka hafi y'ubuso bw'ikintu, hakurikijwe ihame ryo kwinjizwa kwa electromagnetic. Inenge zo hejuru, nk'imivuniko, ziraboneka. Isuzuma rya EC ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupima budasenya budasaba itegurwa mbere cyangwa itunganywa nyuma. Irakwiriye cyane gupima ubunini, kugenzura inyubako, n'ibindi, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora. Ariko, isuzuma rya EC rishobora gusa kumenya ibikoresho biyobora amashanyarazi.

Isuzuma ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MT)

Isuzuma rya Magnetic Particles (MT) rikoreshwa mu kumenya inenge ziri munsi y’ubuso bw’ibikoresho mu gikoresho cyo gusuzuma kirimo ifu ya magnetic. Umuriro w’amashanyarazi ushyirwa ku kintu kugira ngo gisuzumwe hakoreshejwe guhindura imiterere y’ifu ya magnetic ku buso bw’ikintu. Iyo umuriro uhuye n’inenge aho hantu, bizatera ahantu hatemba aho iyo nenge iherereye.
Ikoreshwa mu kumenya ahantu hato/hato hato mu buso, kandi iraboneka ku ndege, imodoka, n'ibice bya gari ya moshi.

Gupima Indwara yo Kunyura mu Gifu (PT)

Isuzuma rya Penetrant (PT) risobanura uburyo bwo kuzuza imbere mu kintu hakoreshejwe penetrant ku kintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa capillary. Nyuma yo gutunganya, penetrant yo hejuru irakurwaho. Penetrant yinjiye imbere mu kintu ntishobora gukaraba kandi iragumaho. Mu gutanga umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga, iyo nenge izashyirwamo ikagaragara. PT ikwiriye gusa isuzuma ry'inenge ku buso, isaba itunganywa rinini n'igihe kinini, kandi ntikwiriye igenzura ry'imbere. Ikoreshwa mu kugenzura ibyuma bya moteri ya turbojet turbojet n'ibice byayo.

Ubundi buryo

Ubusanzwe sisitemu yo gupima ingaruka z'inyundo ikorwa n'abakora bagenzura imiterere y'imbere y'ikintu bagikubita no kumva ijwi rivamo. Ubu buryo bukoresha ihame rimwe aho igikombe cy'icyayi gisanzwe gitanga ijwi risobanutse iyo gikubiswe, mu gihe icyavunitse gitanga ijwi rituje. Ubu buryo bwo gupima bukoreshwa no mu kugenzura imigozi irekuye, imigozi ya gari ya moshi, n'inkuta zo hanze. Igenzura ry'amaso ni bumwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu gupima budasenya aho abakozi bagenzura isura y'inyuma y'ikintu. Isuzuma ritasenya ritanga inyungu mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bicukurwa, gucukurwa, ibicuruzwa bizungurutse, imiyoboro, inzira zo gusudira, nibindi, bityo bikanoza umutekano n'ubwizerwe bw'inganda. Ikoreshwa kandi mu kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo by'ubwikorezi nk'ibiraro, imiyoboro y'amazi, amapine ya gari ya moshi n'imigozi, indege, amato, ibinyabiziga, ndetse no kugenzura turbine, imiyoboro, n'ibigega by'amazi by'inganda z'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikorwa remezo bya buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya NDT mu nzego zitari iz'inganda nko mu bisigazwa by'umuco, ibihangano, gushyira mu byiciro imbuto, no gupima amashusho y'ubushyuhe riri kugenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi.