Ikizamini kidasenya: Ubwoko nibisabwa

Ikizamini kidasenya ni iki?

Ikizamini kidasenya ni tekinike ifatika ituma abagenzuzi bakusanya amakuru batangiza ibicuruzwa. Ikoreshwa mukugenzura inenge no gutesha agaciro imbere mubintu bitasenyutse cyangwa ngo byangize ibicuruzwa.

Ikizamini kidasenya (NDT) hamwe nubugenzuzi budasenya (NDI) ni amagambo ahwanye no kwipimisha nta kwangiza ikintu. Muyandi magambo, NDT ikoreshwa mugupima kutangiza, mugihe NDI ikoreshwa mugupima / gutsindwa.
Rimwe na rimwe, ibizamini bidasenya (NDT) hamwe nubugenzuzi budasenya (NDI) birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe, byombi bivuga kugerageza ibintu bitarinze kwangiza. Muyandi magambo, NDT ikoreshwa mugupima kutangiza, mugihe NDI ikoreshwa mugupima / gutsindwa. Nkuko iki gice kirimo uburyo bwa NDT mugenzurwa ridasenya, birasabwa gutandukanya byombi bitewe nibisabwa n'intego.

Intego ebyiri nyinshi za NDT ni:

Isuzuma ryiza: Kugenzura ibibazo mubicuruzwa byakozwe nibigize. Kurugero, bikoreshwa mukugenzura kugabanuka kwa casting, gusudira inenge, nibindi

Isuzuma ryubuzima: Kwemeza imikorere yibicuruzwa. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ibintu bidasanzwe mugihe kirekire cyo gukoresha imiterere nibikorwa remezo.
Ibyiza byo Kwipimisha bidasenya

Ikizamini kidasenya gitanga inzira zizewe kandi zifatika zo kugenzura ibintu nkibi bikurikira.

Ukuri kwinshi, byoroshye kubona inenge zidashobora kugaragara hejuru.
Nta byangiritse kubintu, biboneka kubigenzura byose.
Kongera ibicuruzwa byizewe
Menya gusana ku gihe cyangwa gusimburwa
Impamvu igerageza ridasenya risobanutse neza kandi rifite akamaro ni uko rishobora kumenya inenge yimbere yikintu kitayangije. Ubu buryo busa nubugenzuzi bwa X-ray, bushobora kwerekana ahavunitse bigoye gucira urubanza hanze.

Ikizamini kidasenya (NDT) kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ibicuruzwa mbere yo koherezwa, kuko ubu buryo ntabwo bwanduza cyangwa ngo bwangize ibicuruzwa. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byagenzuwe byakira ubugenzuzi bwiza, byongera ibicuruzwa byizewe. Ariko, mubihe bimwe, intambwe nyinshi zo kwitegura zirashobora gukenerwa, zishobora kuba zihenze.

Uburyo bwuburyo busanzwe bwa NDT

Hariho tekinike nyinshi zikoreshwa mugupima kutangiza, kandi zifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye bitewe nubusembwa cyangwa ibikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa.

Ikizamini cya Radiyo (RT)

Ikizamini kidasenya (NDT) kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kuko ubu buryo ntabwo bwanduza cyangwa ngo bwangize ibicuruzwa. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byagenzuwe byakirwa neza, bityo ibicuruzwa byizewe. Ariko, mubihe bimwe, intambwe nyinshi zo kwitegura zirashobora gukenerwa, zishobora kuba zihenze. Igeragezwa rya radiografiya (RT) rikoresha X-imirasire ya gamma kugirango igenzure ibintu. RT itahura inenge ukoresheje itandukaniro mubyimbye byamashusho kumpande zitandukanye. Mudasobwa ya tomografiya (CT) nimwe muburyo bwo kwerekana amashusho ya NDT itanga amashusho yambukiranya ibice na 3D yibintu mugihe cyo kugenzura. Iyi mikorere itanga isesengura rirambuye ryinenge yimbere cyangwa ubunini. Irakwiriye gupima umubyimba wibyuma no gukora iperereza ryimbere yinyubako. Mbere yo gukoresha sisitemu, ibitekerezo bimwe bigomba kwitabwaho: hagomba kwitonderwa cyane mugukoresha imirasire. RT ikoreshwa mugusesengura imbere muri bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe nimbaho ​​za elegitoroniki. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutahura inenge mumiyoboro no gusudira byashyizwe mumashanyarazi, inganda, nizindi nyubako.

Ikizamini cya Ultrasonic (UT)

Ikizamini cya Ultrasonic (UT) ikoresha ultrasonic waves kugirango umenye ibintu. Mugupima ibyerekanwa byamajwi hejuru yibikoresho, UT irashobora kumenya imiterere yimbere yibintu. UT isanzwe ikoreshwa munganda nyinshi nkuburyo bwo gupima budasenya butangiza ibikoresho. Ikoreshwa mugutahura inenge zimbere mubicuruzwa nubusembwa mubikoresho bimwe nka coil. Sisitemu ya UT ifite umutekano kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha, ariko ifite aho igarukira mugihe kijyanye nibikoresho bidasanzwe. Zikoreshwa mugutahura inenge zimbere mubicuruzwa no kugenzura ibikoresho bimwe nka coil.

Ikizamini cya Eddy (Electromagnetic) Ikizamini (ET)

Mugeragezwa rya eddy (EC), igiceri hamwe nubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya gishyirwa hafi yubuso bwikintu. Umuyoboro uri muri coil ubyara eddy izenguruka hafi yikintu, ukurikiza ihame rya induction ya electromagnetic. Ubuso bwubuso, nkibice, noneho buramenyekana. Igeragezwa rya EC ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kwipimisha budasenya budasaba kubanza gutunganya cyangwa nyuma yo gutunganywa. Irakwiriye cyane gupima uburebure, kugenzura inyubako, nindi mirima, kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa byo gukora. Ariko, ibizamini bya EC birashobora kumenya gusa ibikoresho byayobora.

Ikizamini cya Magnetique (MT)

Kwipimisha Magnetic Particle (MT) bikoreshwa mugutahura inenge munsi yubuso bwibikoresho mugisubizo cyubugenzuzi kirimo ifu ya magneti. Umuyagankuba ushyirwa mubintu kugirango ubigenzure uhindure ifu ya magnetiki hejuru yikintu. Mugihe ibyubu bihuye nibitagenda neza, bizashiraho flux yamenetse aho inenge iherereye.
Ikoreshwa mugutahura ibice bito / byiza neza hejuru, kandi iraboneka kubice byindege, ibinyabiziga, nibice bya gari ya moshi.

Kwipimisha Kwinjira (PT)

Kwipimisha abinjira (PT) bivuga uburyo bwo kuzuza imbere inenge ukoresheje kwinjira mubintu ukoresheje capillary action. Nyuma yo gutunganywa, ubuso bwinjira bwakuweho. Umucengezi winjiye imbere yinenge ntashobora gukaraba kandi akagumana. Mugutanga iterambere, inenge izakirwa kandi igaragara. PT irakwiriye gusa kugenzura ubusembwa bwubutaka, bisaba gutunganywa igihe kinini nigihe kinini, kandi ntibikwiye kugenzurwa imbere. Ikoreshwa mukugenzura moteri ya turbojet moteri ya turbine nibice byimodoka.

Ubundi buryo

Sisitemu yo gupima ingaruka zinyundo isanzwe ikorwa nabashinzwe kugenzura imiterere yimbere yikintu bakayikubita kandi bakumva amajwi yavuyemo. Ubu buryo bukoresha ihame rimwe aho icyayi kidahwitse gitanga amajwi asobanutse iyo akubiswe, mugihe icyacitse gitanga ijwi ryijimye. Ubu buryo bwo kwipimisha nabwo bukoreshwa mugusuzuma amabuye arekuye, imirongo ya gari ya moshi, n'inkuta zo hanze. Igenzura ryibonekeje nimwe muburyo bworoshye kandi bukunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gupima butangiza, aho abakozi bagenzura muburyo bugaragara ikintu. Igeragezwa ridasenya ritanga inyungu mugucunga ubuziranenge bwa casting, kwibagirwa, ibicuruzwa bizunguruka, imiyoboro, inzira yo gusudira, nibindi, bityo bikazamura umutekano no kwizerwa mubikorwa byinganda. Ikoreshwa kandi mukubungabunga ibikorwa remezo byubwikorezi nkibiraro, tunel, ibiziga bya gari ya moshi na axe, indege, amato, ibinyabiziga, ndetse no kugenzura turbine, imiyoboro, hamwe n’ibigega by’amazi by’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bya buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya NDT mu bice bitari inganda nk’ibisigisigi by’umuco, ibihangano, gushyira mu byiciro imbuto, no gupima amashusho y’amashanyarazi biragenda biba ngombwa.