Isahani yimitako ninzira yingenzi mugukora no kurangiza imitako yo murwego rwohejuru. Harimo gushira icyuma cyoroshye cyane hejuru yumutako, mubisanzwe kugirango uzamure isura, igihe kirekire, no kurwanya kwanduza cyangwa kwangirika. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize iki gikorwa ni imitako isize imitako ikosora, igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Gukosora imitako ya imitako ni ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) mumashanyarazi ataziguye (DC), bitanga amashanyarazi akenewe muburyo bwo gufata amasahani. Uruhare rwikosora mugushiraho imitako ntishobora kurondorwa, kuko rwemeza ko inzira ya electroplating ihagaze neza, ihamye, kandi itanga ibisubizo byiza. Iyi ngingo irasobanura akamaro ko gutunganya imitako ikosora imitako, imikorere yayo, ibiyigize, ninyungu mugukora imitako.
Uruhare rwo gutunganya imitako
Amashanyarazi ni inzira yo gushira icyuma hejuru yikintu cya imitako hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Muri ubu buryo, umuyagankuba unyuzwa mumashanyarazi ya electrolyte irimo ioni yicyuma, ikururwa hejuru yumutako wimitako ikayihuza nayo. Ibiriho bikoreshwa muriki gikorwa bigomba kuba bihamye kandi bya polarite ikwiye kugirango ibyuma bishoboke neza.
Aha niho haza gukinirwa imitako isize imitako. Igikorwa cyibanze cyo gukosora ni uguhindura ingufu za AC kuva kuri gride ya power muri DC power. Ihinduka ni ngombwa kuko amashanyarazi bisaba guhora, guhora mucyerekezo kimwe kugirango ibyuma bishoboke gushira kumitako. Umuyoboro utaziguye ukoreshwa muri electroplating, kuko itanga umurongo uhoraho wa electron, ifasha kubitsa ibyuma neza no kwirinda ubusembwa nko gufatana nabi cyangwa gufata isahani.
Ubwoko bwimitako ikosora
Gukosora imitako yimitako iraboneka muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe cyagenewe guhuza ibyifuzo byihariye byuburyo butandukanye. Ubwoko bukunze kuboneka harimo:
Ibikosorwa bihoraho: Ibi bikosora bitanga imiyoboro ihamye, ihamye mugihe cyo gufata amasahani. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubice byoroshye bya imitako byoroshye, aho gukomeza imiyoboro ihamye ningirakamaro kugirango ugere ku isahani imwe, yujuje ubuziranenge.
Umuyoboro uhoraho wa voltage: Ibi bikosora bikomeza gusohora voltage ihamye kandi bikoreshwa mugihe iyo voltage yihariye isabwa mugikorwa cyo gufata. Mugihe zitanga voltage ihamye, ikigezweho kirashobora gutandukana bitewe nokurwanya igice cyimitako nigisubizo cya electrolyte.
Ikosora rya pulse: Ikosora ya pulse igenewe gutanga amashanyarazi mugihe gito giturika cyangwa impiswi aho gutemba bikomeza. Ibi birashobora kuba byiza mubihe bimwe na bimwe, nko mugihe usize amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu cyangwa ifeza. Isahani ya pulse irashobora kuvamo igifuniko cyoroshye, kimwe kandi gishobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo nko gutobora cyangwa hejuru.
Ibisohoka bibiri bisohoka: Bimwe mubikosora bitanga ibisubizo bibiri, byemerera uyikoresha gushira ibintu bitandukanye byimitako hamwe na voltage zitandukanye cyangwa ibisabwa biriho icyarimwe. Ibi bikosora bifite akamaro kanini mubikorwa binini binini byo gukora imitako, aho ubwogero bwinshi bwo gusya bushobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga imitako ikosora
Mugihe uhisemo imitako yerekana imitako, abayikora bakeneye gutekereza kubintu byinshi kugirango bakore neza. Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga imitako ikosora harimo:
Kugenzura Ibiriho na Voltage: Ikosora igomba gutanga igenzura ryuzuye kuri current na voltage, kwemerera uyikoresha guhindura igenamiterere kugirango ahuze nibisabwa muburyo bwa plaque. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mugihe ukorana nibyuma byoroshye cyangwa bifite agaciro.
Ibisohoka bisohoka: Ikosora igomba gukomeza umusaruro uhamye mugihe cyo gufata amasahani, kuko ihindagurika ryumuyaga cyangwa voltage rishobora kuvamo isahani idahwanye, inenge, cyangwa gufatana nabi kwicyuma.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Amashanyarazi arashobora kubyara ubushyuhe bugaragara, cyane cyane mugihe kirekire cyangwa kinini-cyo gukora amasahani. Ikosora imitako ikosora akenshi ikubiyemo sisitemu yo gukonjesha, nk'abafana cyangwa gukonjesha amazi, kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije kandi urebe ko ibikoresho biramba.
Kurinda kurenza urugero: Kugirango wirinde kwangirika gukosora cyangwa imitako irimo gushyirwaho, ibyinshi bikosora birimo ibintu birinda ibintu birenze urugero. Ibi birashobora gushiramo fus, kumena inzitizi, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhagarika byikora bikora iyo sisitemu irenze ibipimo bikora neza.
Igenzura rya Digitale nogukurikirana: Ikosora rya kijyambere rya plaque ikunze kwerekana ibyerekanwe na digitale ituma abashoramari bashiraho byoroshye kandi bagenzura ibyagezweho, voltage, nibindi bipimo. Bimwe mubikosora harimo kandi kwisuzumisha ryuzuye rishobora kumenyesha abakoresha ibibazo nkibisohoka bike cyangwa imikorere mibi yibigize.
Inyungu zo gutunganya imitako
Gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwohejuru byo gutunganya imitako ikosora bitanga inyungu nyinshi kubabikora n'abashushanya imitako:
Kunoza ubuziranenge bwamasahani: Amashanyarazi ahamye kandi agenzurwa asohora amashanyarazi yemeza ko isahani ihamye, bikavamo icyuma cyoroshye ndetse nicyuma. Ibi bizamura isura rusange hamwe nubwiza bwumutako wuzuye.
Kongera imbaraga: Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibyagezweho na voltage byukuri bituma habaho isahani yihuse kandi ikora neza, kugabanya igihe gikenewe kuri buri cyapa no kuzamura umusaruro muri rusange.
Kuramba kuramba: Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi neza birashobora kuzamura cyane igihe kirekire cyimitako mugutanga urwego rukingira rwangiza kwanduza, gushushanya, no kwambara. Ikirangantego cyiza cyo gukosora gifasha kwemeza ko iki cyiciro gikoreshwa kimwe kandi neza.
Kuzigama Ibiciro: Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango isahani ikorwe kandi idafite inenge, abakora imitako barashobora kugabanya imyanda yibikoresho hamwe nibikorwa bikenewe. Ibi biganisha ku kuzigama no kuzamura inyungu.
Guhindura ibyuma bitandukanye: Ikosora imitako ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibyuma bitandukanye, harimo zahabu, ifeza, platine, na rodium. Ihindagurika rituma bikwiranye ninganda zitandukanye zikenerwa mu gukora imitako, kuva kumitako yimyambarire kugeza kumitako yo murwego rwohejuru.
Umwanzuro
Gukosora imitako yimitako nibintu byingenzi mugikorwa cya electroplating, bitanga amashanyarazi ahamye kandi ahoraho akenewe kubisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge. Muguhindura AC mumashanyarazi ya DC, ibyo bikosora byemeza ko icyuma cyashyizwe muburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe kubintu byimitako, bikongera isura, igihe kirekire, nagaciro. Hamwe niterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, ibyuma bikosora ibyuma bigezweho bitanga igenzura ryinshi, gukora neza, no guhinduka, bikababera igikoresho gikomeye mu nganda zikora imitako. Byaba bikoreshwa mumitako myiza cyangwa imitako yimyambarire, ikosora isahani yizewe irashobora guhindura itandukaniro ryibicuruzwa byanyuma, ifasha abayikora kuzuza ibyifuzo byubwiza, umuvuduko, kandi bikoresha neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2024
