Hamwe no kwiyongera kwisi yose gushakisha ingufu zisukuye niterambere rirambye, ingufu za hydrogène, nkikigo gitwara ingufu kandi zisukuye, zigenda zinjira mubyerekezo byabantu. Nkumuhuza wingenzi mubikorwa byinganda za hydrogène, tekinoroji yo gutunganya hydrogène ntabwo ireba gusa umutekano n’ubwizerwe bw’ingufu za hydrogène, ahubwo inagira ingaruka ku buryo bukoreshwa n’inyungu z’ubukungu bw’ingufu za hydrogène.
1.Ibisabwa kuri hydrogène y'ibicuruzwa
Hydrogen, nkibikoresho bya chimique nibikoresho bitwara ingufu, bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubisukuye nibirimo ibintu byanduye muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Mu musaruro wa ammonia synthique, methanol nibindi bicuruzwa bivura imiti, kugirango hirindwe uburozi bwa catisale no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, sulfide nibindi bintu bifite ubumara muri gaze y ibiryo bigomba kuvaho mbere kugirango bigabanye umwanda kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa. Mu nganda nka metallurgie, ceramics, ikirahure, hamwe na semiconductor, gaze ya hydrogène ihura neza nibicuruzwa, kandi ibisabwa mubisukuye nibirimo umwanda birakomeye. Kurugero, mu nganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri, hydrogène ikoreshwa mubikorwa nko gutegura kristu na substrate, okiside, annealing, nibindi, bifite aho bigarukira cyane kumwanda nka ogisijeni, amazi, hydrocarbone iremereye, hydrogen sulfide, nibindi muri hydrogen
2.Ihame ryakazi rya deoxygene
Mubikorwa bya catalizator, ogisijeni nkeya muri hydrogène irashobora kwitwara hamwe na hydrogène kugirango itange amazi, igere ku ntego ya deoxygene. Igisubizo ni exothermic reaction, kandi reaction ya reaction niyi ikurikira:
2H ₂ + O ₂ (catalizator) -2H ₂ O + Q.
Kuberako ibigize, imiterere yimiti, hamwe nubwiza bwa catalizator ubwayo idahinduka mbere na nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, cataliste irashobora gukoreshwa ubudahwema nta kuvugurura.
Deoxidizer ifite silinderi yimbere ninyuma, hamwe na catalizator yapakiwe hagati ya silinderi yinyuma ninyuma. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi biturika byashyizwe imbere muri silinderi y'imbere, kandi ibyuma bibiri byerekana ubushyuhe biri hejuru no hepfo yububiko bwa catalizator kugirango bamenye kandi bagenzure ubushyuhe bwa reaction. Silinderi yo hanze yizingiye hamwe kugirango irinde ubushyuhe no kwirinda gutwikwa. Hydrogene mbisi yinjira muri silinderi y'imbere kuva mu gice cyo hejuru cya deoxidizer, ashyutswe n'ikintu gishyushya amashanyarazi, kandi kinyura mu buriri bwa catalizator kuva hasi kugera hejuru. Umwuka wa ogisijeni uri muri hydrogène mbisi ukorana na hydrogène ikorwa na catalizator kugirango itange amazi. Umwuka wa ogisijeni uri muri hydrogène usohoka uva hepfo urashobora kugabanuka kugeza munsi ya 1ppm. Amazi yatanzwe nuruvange asohoka muri deoxidizer muburyo bwa gaze hamwe na gaze ya hydrogène, ikonjesha muri firime ya hydrogène yakurikiyeho, kuyungurura mumashanyarazi atandukanya ikirere, hanyuma igasohoka muri sisitemu.
3.Ihame ryo gukora ryumye
Kuma gaze ya hydrogène ikoresha uburyo bwa adsorption, ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya molekile nka adsorbents. Nyuma yo gukama, ikime cya gaze ya hydrogen irashobora kugera munsi ya -70 ℃. Amashanyarazi ya molekuline ni ubwoko bwa aluminosilicate compound hamwe na cubic latique, ikora imyenge myinshi yubunini bumwe imbere nyuma yo kubura umwuma kandi ifite ubuso bunini cyane. Amashanyarazi ya molekulari yitwa molekulari kuko ashobora gutandukanya molekile zifite imiterere itandukanye, diameter, polarite, ingingo zitetse, hamwe nurwego rwuzuye.
Amazi ni molekile ikabije cyane, kandi sikile ya molekile ifitanye isano ikomeye namazi. Kwiyongera kwa sikeri ya molekuline ni adsorption yumubiri, kandi iyo adsorption yuzuye, bifata igihe cyo gushyuha no kubyara mbere yuko yongera kwamamazwa. Kubwibyo, byibuze ibyuma bibiri byinjizwa mubikoresho byoza, hamwe kimwe gikora mugihe ikindi kivuka, kugirango habeho umusaruro uhoraho wa gaze ya hydrogène ihamye.
Kuma ifite imiterere ya silinderi yimbere ninyuma, hamwe na adsorbent yapakiwe hagati ya silinderi yinyuma ninyuma. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi biturika byashyizwe imbere muri silinderi y'imbere, kandi ibyuma bibiri byerekana ubushyuhe biri hejuru no hepfo yububiko bwa molekile kugirango bipime kandi bigenzure ubushyuhe bwa reaction. Silinderi yo hanze yizingiye hamwe kugirango irinde ubushyuhe no kwirinda gutwikwa. Umwuka uva muri adsorption leta (harimo ibanze ryibanze nayisumbuye ikora) hamwe na reta nshya irahindurwa. Muri leta ya adsorption, umuyoboro wanyuma wo hejuru niwo gasohokamo naho umuyoboro wo hasi niwo winjira. Muburyo bushya bwo kuvuka, umuyoboro wanyuma wo hejuru niwo mwuka wa gazi naho umuyoboro wo hasi niwo gasohokamo. Sisitemu yo kumisha irashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bibiri byumye hamwe nuwumisha iminara itatu ukurikije umubare wumye.
4.Inzira ebyiri
Amashanyarazi abiri yashyizwe mubikoresho, bisimburana kandi bigahinduka mugihe kimwe (amasaha 48) kugirango bigere kumikorere yibikoresho byose. Nyuma yo gukama, ikime cya hydrogène gishobora kugera munsi -60 ℃. Mugihe cyakazi (amasaha 48), ibyuma A na B bikora kandi bigahindura leta.
Mugihe kimwe cyo guhinduranya, icyuma kibona leta ebyiri: leta ikora no kuvugurura leta.
· Kuvugurura leta: Ubwinshi bwa gaze itunganya ni gaze yuzuye. Imiterere mishya irimo gushyushya icyiciro no gukonjesha icyiciro;
1) Icyiciro cyo gushyushya - umushyushya imbere yumye ukora, kandi uhita uhagarika gushyushya mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugeze ku giciro cyagenwe cyangwa igihe cyo gushyushya kigeze ku giciro cyagenwe;
)
· Imiterere yakazi: Ingano yumwuka itunganya iri mubushobozi bwuzuye, kandi umushyushya imbere yumye ntabwo ukora.
5.Iminara itatu ikora
Kugeza ubu, inzira eshatu zikoreshwa cyane. Amashanyarazi atatu yashyizwe mubikoresho, birimo desiccants (sikile ya molekile) ifite ubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza. Amashanyarazi atatu asimburana hagati yimikorere, kuvugurura, hamwe na adsorption kugirango agere kumikorere yibikoresho byose. Nyuma yo gukama, ikime cya gaze ya hydrogen irashobora kugera munsi ya -70 ℃.
Mugihe cyo guhinduranya, icyuma kinyura muri leta eshatu: gukora, adsorption, no kuvugurura. Kuri buri ntara, icyuma cya mbere gaze ya hydrogène mbisi yinjira nyuma ya deoxygene, gukonjesha, no kuyungurura amazi:
1) Imiterere yakazi: Ingano ya gaze itunganya ifite ubushobozi bwuzuye, icyuma gishyushya imbere cyumye ntigikora, kandi ikigereranyo ni gaze ya hydrogène mbisi itigeze ibura umwuma;
Icyuma cya kabiri cyinjira kiri kuri:
2) Kuvugurura leta: 20% ingano ya gaze: Imiterere mishya irimo icyiciro cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha icyiciro;
Icyiciro cyo gushyushya - umushyushya imbere yumye ukora, kandi uhita uhagarika gushyushya mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugeze ku giciro cyagenwe cyangwa igihe cyo gushyuha kigera ku giciro cyagenwe;
Icyiciro cyo gukonjesha - Nyuma yo kumisha ihagaritse gushyushya, umwuka wo mu kirere ukomeza gutembera mu cyuma mu nzira yambere kugirango ukonje kugeza igihe icyuma kijya mu kazi; Iyo icyuma kiri mubyiciro bishya, uburyo bwo kubura amazi ya hydrogène yumye;
Icyuma cya gatatu cyinjira kiri kuri:
3) Imiterere ya Adsorption: Gutunganya gaze ni 20%, umushyushya wumye ntabwo ukora, naho uburyo ni gaze ya hydrogen yo kuvugurura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2024
