Amashanyarazi ya Oxideya

Mu buryo bwagutse, okiside yamashanyarazi bivuga inzira yose ya electrochemie, ikubiyemo reaction ya electrochemicique itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye iboneka kuri electrode ishingiye kumahame ya okiside-kugabanya reaction. Izi reaction zigamije kugabanya cyangwa kuvana umwanda mumazi mabi.

Byasobanuwe neza, okiside ya electrochemicique yerekana inzira ya anodic. Muri ubu buryo, igisubizo kama cyangwa guhagarikwa byinjizwa muri selile ya electrolytique, kandi binyuze mugukoresha amashanyarazi ataziguye, electron zivanwa kuri anode, biganisha kuri okiside yibintu kama. Ubundi, ibyuma-bifite agaciro gake birashobora guhindurwamo okiside kugeza kuri ioni yicyuma kinini kuri anode, hanyuma ikagira uruhare mukwangiza okiside yibintu kama. Mubisanzwe, amatsinda amwe akorera mubice kama yerekana ibikorwa byamashanyarazi. Bitewe numurima wamashanyarazi, imiterere yaya matsinda ikora ihinduka, ihindura imiterere yimiti yibintu kama, kugabanya uburozi bwabyo, no kongera ibinyabuzima byangiza.

Okiside ya elegitoroniki irashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri: okiside itaziguye na okiside itaziguye. Okiside itaziguye (electrolysis itaziguye) ikubiyemo kuvana mu buryo butaziguye umwanda uva mu mazi mabi ukoresheje okiside kuri electrode. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo anodic na cathodic inzira. Inzira ya anodike ikubiyemo okiside yanduye hejuru ya anode, ikayihindura mubintu bidafite ubumara buke cyangwa ibintu bishobora kwangirika cyane, bityo bikagabanya cyangwa bikuraho umwanda. Inzira ya cathodike ikubiyemo kugabanya umwanda hejuru ya cathode kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukugabanya no gukuraho hydrocarbone ya halogene no kugarura ibyuma biremereye.

Inzira ya cathodic irashobora kandi kwitwa kugabanya amashanyarazi. Harimo ihererekanyabubasha rya electron kugirango igabanye ion ziremereye nka Cr6 + na Hg2 + muburyo bwa okiside yo hasi. Byongeye kandi, irashobora kugabanya ibinyabuzima bya chlorine bya chlorine, bikabihindura mubintu bidafite uburozi cyangwa bidafite ubumara, amaherezo bikazamura ibinyabuzima:

R-Cl + H + + e → RH + Cl-

Okiside itaziguye (electrolysis itaziguye) ikubiyemo gukoresha amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki yakozwe cyangwa igabanya imiti nka reaction cyangwa catalizator kugirango ihindure umwanda mubintu bidafite uburozi. Electrolysis itaziguye irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa bidasubirwaho kandi bidasubirwaho. Inzira zisubirwamo (okiside ya elegitoroniki yumuriro) ikubiyemo kuvugurura no gutunganya amoko ya redox mugihe cyamashanyarazi. Ku rundi ruhande, inzira zidasubirwaho, koresha ibintu biva mu mashanyarazi idasubirwaho, nka okiside ikomeye nka Cl2, chlorate, hypochlorite, H2O2, na O3, kugirango ihindure ibinyabuzima kama. Inzira zidasubirwaho zirashobora kandi kubyara umuhuza mwinshi wa okiside, harimo electron zashizwemo ingufu, · HO radicals, · HO2 radicals (hydroperoxyl radicals), na · O2- radicals (anion superoxide), zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutesha agaciro no kurandura umwanda nka cyanide, fenol, COD (Imiti ya Oxygene isabwa), na S2- ion, amaherezo ikabihindura mubintu bitagira ingaruka.

Kubijyanye na okiside ya anodic itaziguye, imbaraga nke zidasanzwe zishobora kugabanya ingufu za electrochemic reaction bitewe nubushobozi bwo kwimura imbaga, mugihe iyi mbogamizi itabaho kubikorwa bya okiside itaziguye. Mugihe cyoguhindura okiside itaziguye kandi itaziguye, impande zombi zijyanye no kubyara gaze ya H2 cyangwa O2 zirashobora kubaho, ariko izi ngaruka zishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe guhitamo ibikoresho bya electrode no kugenzura.

Okiside y’amashanyarazi byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro mu gutunganya amazi y’amazi hamwe n’ibinyabuzima byinshi, ibinyabuzima bigoye, ibintu byinshi bivunika, hamwe n’ibara ryinshi. Ukoresheje anode hamwe nibikorwa bya electrochemic, tekinoroji irashobora kubyara neza okiside hydroxyl radicals. Iyi nzira iganisha ku kwangirika kwimyanda ihumanya mu bintu bidafite ubumara, ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika ndetse no kwangirika kwuzuye mu bintu nka karuboni ya dioxyde cyangwa karubone.