Isahani yicyuma ninzira ikubiyemo gushyira igice cyicyuma hejuru yikindi kintu. Ibi bikorwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo kunoza isura, kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, gutanga imyambarire, no gufasha gukora neza. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwubuhanga bwo gufata ibyuma, buri kimwe hamwe nibisabwa byihariye hamwe nibyiza. Dore bumwe mu bwoko bukunze kugaragara:
Amashanyarazi: Gukoresha amashanyarazi nubuhanga bukoreshwa cyane. Harimo kwibiza ikintu kigomba gushyirwaho (substrate) mugisubizo kirimo ioni yicyuma cyibikoresho. Umuyoboro utaziguye unyuzwa mu gisubizo, bigatuma ioni yicyuma ifata hejuru yubutaka, ikora icyuma kimwe kandi gifatanye. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, zirimo ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'imitako, mu rwego rwo gushushanya no gukora.
Amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi: Bitandukanye n'amashanyarazi, isahani idafite amashanyarazi ntisaba umuyagankuba wo hanze. Ahubwo, reaction yimiti hagati yikintu kigabanya na ion zicyuma mugisubizo gishyira icyuma kuri substrate. Amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi azwiho ubushobozi bwo gutwikira imiterere igoye hamwe nubuso butayobora. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibizunguruka byacapwe (PCBs) no mu nganda aho bikenewe kugenzura neza.
Isahani yo kwibiza: Isahani yo kwibiza nuburyo bworoshye burimo kwibiza substrate mumuti urimo umunyu wicyuma. Iyoni yicyuma mugisubizo ifata hejuru yubutaka, ikora urwego ruto rwicyuma cyifuzwa. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kenshi murwego ruto kandi nkintambwe yo kubanza kuvura mubindi bikorwa.
Vacuum Deposition (PVD na CVD): Kubika Imyuka Yumubiri (PVD) hamwe nubumara bwimyuka ya CVD (CVD) nubuhanga bukoreshwa mugushyira firime yoroheje mubyuma byubutaka ahantu hatuje. PVD irimo guhumeka ibyuma mucyumba cya vacuum, bigakurikirwa no kubishyira hejuru yubutaka. Ku rundi ruhande, CVD, ikoresha imiti igabanya icyuma. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu nganda ziciriritse, optique, hamwe no gushushanya.
Anodizing: Anodizing ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa plaque yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri aluminium na alloys. Harimo gukora igipimo cya oxyde igenzurwa hejuru yicyuma. Anodizing itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa, irwanya kwambara, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gushushanya.
Galvanisation: Galvanisation ikubiyemo gutwika ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma hamwe na zinc kugirango urinde ruswa. Uburyo bukunze kugaragara ni hot-dip galvanisation, aho substrate yibizwa muri zinc yashonze. Galvanisation ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi n’imodoka.
Amabati: Amabati akoreshwa mu kurinda ruswa, kongera imbaraga, no gutanga isura nziza. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gupakira ibiryo (amabati) hamwe na elegitoroniki.
Isahani ya zahabu: Isahani ya zahabu itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, amashanyarazi, hamwe nubwiza bwiza. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane kubihuza no guhuza.
Isahani ya Chrome: Isahani ya Chrome izwiho gushushanya no kwihanganira ruswa. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byimodoka nubwiherero.
Buri bwoko bwicyuma gikozwe mubyuma bifite ibyiza byacyo nibisabwa, bigatuma biba inzira zingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gufata amasahani biterwa nibintu byifuzwa byibicuruzwa byarangiye nibikoresho birimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2023
