Igikoresho cy'amashanyaraziiy'hydrogenishami rikora ibikoresho birimo electrolysis yuzuye y'amaziiy'hydrogenibikoresho byo gukora, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo:
1. Selile y'amashanyarazi
2. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya amazi ya gaze
3. Uburyo bwo kumisha no gusukura
4. Igice cy'amashanyarazi kirimo: transformer, akabati gatunganya ibikoresho, akabati gagenzura ibikoresho bya PLC, akabati gakwirakwiza ibikoresho, mudasobwa yo hejuru, nibindi
5. Sisitemu y'inyongera igizwe ahanini na: ikigega cy'amazi ya alkali, ikigega cy'amazi cy'ibikoresho fatizo, pompe y'amazi yo kwisiga, silinda ya azote/busbar, nibindi/ 6. Sisitemu y'inyongera rusange y'ibikoresho igizwe na: imashini y'amazi meza, umunara wo gukonjesha, ikonjesha, compressor y'umwuka, nibindi.
ibyuma bikonjesha hidrojeni na ogisijeni, maze amazi agakusanywa hakoreshejwe umutego wo gutonyanga mbere yo koherezwa munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’uburyo bwo kugenzura; Electrolyte inyuramoiy'hydrogenn'utuyunguruzo twa ogisijeni, ibyuma bikonjesha bya ogisijeni na ogisijeni munsi y'imashini ikoresha pompe izenguruka, hanyuma bigasubizwa mu karemangingo ka electrolytic kugira ngo gakomeze gukoreshwa.
Umuvuduko w'umuyoboro ugenzurwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko n'isitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko utandukanye kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu nzira zo hasi no mu bubiko.
Hydrogen ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ifite ibyiza byo kuba isuku cyane n'imyanda mike. Ubusanzwe, imyanda iri muri gazi ya hydrogène ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ni ogisijeni n'amazi gusa, nta bindi bice (bishobora kwirinda uburozi bw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya katalisiti). Ibi bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora gazi ya hydrogène ifite isuku nyinshi, kandi gazi isukuye ishobora kuzuza ibipimo by'imyuka yo mu nganda yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.
Hydrogen ikorwa n'ishami rikora hydrogen inyura mu kigega cy'amazi kugira ngo ihamye umuvuduko w'imikorere y'iyi sisitemu no gukura amazi menshi muri hydrogen.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu gikoresho cyo gusukura hydrogen, hydrogen ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi irushaho gusukurwa, hakoreshejwe amahame ya catalytic reaction na molekile sieve adsorption kugira ngo ikure ogisijeni, amazi, n'indi myanda muri hydrogen.
Ibikoresho bishobora gushyiraho sisitemu yo guhindura imiterere ya hydrogeni mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Impinduka mu muvuduko wa gazi zizatuma umuvuduko w'ikigega cyo kubika hydrogeni uhindagurika. Imashini ishyira pressure kuri tangi yo kubikamo izatanga ikimenyetso cya 4-20mA kuri PLC kugira ngo igereranywe n'agaciro k'umwimerere, kandi nyuma yo guhindura inverse no kubara PID, itanga ikimenyetso cya 20-4mA ku kabati gatunganya amashanyarazi kugira ngo ihindure ingano y'umuvuduko wa electrolysis, bityo igere ku ntego yo guhindura imiterere ya hydrogeni mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe impinduka mu muvuduko wa hydrogeni.
Uburyo bwonyine bwo gukora hydrogen hakoreshejwe electrolysis y'amazi ni amazi (H2O), agomba guhabwa amazi mabi buri gihe binyuze mu ipompe yo kongeramo amazi. Aho hydrogen ishyirwa ni ku gikoresho cyo gutandukanya hydrogen cyangwa ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, hydrogen na ogisijeni bigomba gukuramo amazi make iyo biva muri sisitemu. Ibikoresho bifite amazi make bishobora gukoresha 1L/Nm³ H2, mu gihe ibikoresho binini bishobora kuyagabanya kugeza kuri 0.9L/Nm³ H2. Sisitemu ikomeza kongeramo amazi mabi, bishobora kubungabunga urwego rw'amazi ya alkaline n'ubwinshi bwayo. Ishobora kandi kongeramo amazi yasubijwe mu gihe gikwiye kugira ngo ikomeze kwiyongera kw'ubwinshi bw'amazi ya alkaline.
- Sisitemu yo gutunganya transformer
Ubu buryo bugizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho bibiri, transformateur n'akabati ko gusubiza ibintu mu buryo. Inshingano yabwo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ingufu za AC za 10/35KV zitangwa na nyiri imbere mu ngufu za DC zisabwa n'ingirabuzimafatizo, no gutanga ingufu za DC ku ingirabuzimafatizo. Igice cy'ingufu zitangwa gikoreshwa mu gushonga molekile z'amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni, ikindi gice kigatanga ubushyuhe, bukorwa n'icyuma gikonjesha cya alkali binyuze mu mazi akonjesha.
Inyinshi muri transfoma ni ubwoko bw'amavuta. Iyo zishyizwe mu nzu cyangwa mu gikoresho, transfoma z'ubwoko bwumye zishobora gukoreshwa. Transfoma zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gukora hydrogène y'amazi hakoreshejwe electrolytic ni transfoma zihariye zigomba guhuzwa hakurikijwe amakuru ya buri selile y'amashanyarazi, bityo zikaba ibikoresho byihariye.
Muri iki gihe, akabati gakoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho ni ubwoko bwa thyristor, gashyigikirwa n'inganda zikora ibikoresho bitewe nuko gakoresha igihe kirekire, gafite umutekano mwinshi, kandi gafite igiciro gito. Ariko, bitewe nuko hakenewe guhindura ibikoresho binini kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibikoresho mu gutunganya ibikoresho biri hasi cyane. Muri iki gihe, inganda zitandukanye zitunganya ibikoresho zitunganya ibikoresho ziri kwihatira gukoresha utubati dushya twa IGBT. IGBT isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane mu zindi nganda nko gukoresha ingufu z'umuyaga, kandi bikekwa ko utubati twa IGBT tuzagira iterambere rikomeye mu gihe kizaza.
- Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho
Akabati gakwirakwiza amazi gakoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ingufu ku bice bitandukanye hamwe na moteri ziri muri sisitemu yo gutandukanya ogisijeni ya hydrogen inyuma y'ibikoresho byo gukora hydrogen mu mazi bya electrolytic, harimo 400V cyangwa ibisanzwe byitwa 380V. Ibi bikoresho birimo pompe ikoresha alkali mu buryo bwo gutandukanya ogisijeni ya hydrogen n'ipompe y'amazi yo kwifashisha mu buryo bw'ubufasha; Ingufu zikoreshwa mu nsinga zishyushya muri sisitemu yo kumisha no gusukura, ndetse na sisitemu zifasha zikenewe muri sisitemu yose nka imashini zikoresha amazi meza, ibyuma bikonjesha, ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka, iminara ikonjesha, na compressor za hydrogen zo mu gice cyo hagati, imashini zikoresha hydrogenation, nibindi, birimo kandi amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gucana, gukurikirana, n'izindi sisitemu za sitasiyo yose.
- Cmberesisitemu ya l
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora bwa PLC. Muri rusange PLC ikoresha Siemens 1200 cyangwa 1500, kandi ifite ecran yo gukoraho ihuza abantu n'imashini. Imikorere n'iyerekana ry'ibipimo bya buri sisitemu y'ibikoresho ndetse no kwerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura bigaragarira kuri ecran yo gukoraho.
5. Sisitemu yo kuzenguruka kw'umuti wa alkali
Iyi sisitemu ikubiyemo ahanini ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikurikira:
Itandukanya ogisijeni ya hydrogen – Pompe yo kuzenguruka mu buryo bwa Alkali – Valve – Akayunguruzo k’uburyo bwa Alkali – Selile y’amashanyarazi
Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ubu bukurikira: umuti wa alkali uvanze na hydrogen na ogisijeni mu gikoresho gitandukanya ogisijeni ya hydrogen gitandukanywa n'icyuma gitandukanya gaz-liquid kigasubira inyuma kijya kuri pompe igabanya imikorere ya alkali. Igikoresho gitandukanya hydrogen na ogisijeni bihujwe hano, kandi pompe igabanya imikorere ya alkali izenguruka umuti wa alkali usubira inyuma kijya kuri valve na filter ya alkali ku mpera y'inyuma. Nyuma y'uko filter iyunguruye imyanda myinshi, umuti wa alkali uzenguruka imbere mu karemangingo ka electrolytic.
6. Sisitemu ya Hydrogen
Gazi ya hydrogène iva mu ruhande rwa cathode electrode ikagera ku gice gitandukanya ibintu hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuzenguruka kw'amazi ya alkaline. Imbere mu gice gitandukanya ibintu, gaze ya hydrogène iba yoroheje kandi itandukanyijwe n'amazi ya alkaline, ikagera ku gice cyo hejuru cy'igice gitandukanya ibintu. Hanyuma, inyura mu miyoboro kugira ngo ikomeze gutandukana, ikonjeshwa n'amazi akonje, hanyuma igakusanywa n'icyuma gifata amazi kugira ngo igere ku buziranenge bwa 99% mbere yuko igera ku buryo bwo kumisha no gusukura inyuma.
Gukuramo: Gukuramo gaze ya hydrogen ahanini bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutangira no guhagarika akazi, mu gihe ibikorwa bidasanzwe, cyangwa iyo ubuziranenge butujuje ibisabwa, ndetse no mu gukemura ibibazo.
7. Sisitemu ya ogisijeni
Inzira ya ogisijeni isa n'iya hydrogen, uretse ko ikorwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuyitandukanya.
Gusohora umwuka: Muri iki gihe, imishinga myinshi ikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira umwuka mu kirere.
Ikoreshwa: Agaciro k'ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni gafite akamaro gusa mu mishinga yihariye, nko mu bikorwa bishobora gukoresha ogisijeni ya hydrogen na ogisijeni ifite isuku nyinshi, nk'inganda zikora fibre optique. Hari kandi imishinga minini ifite umwanya wo gukoresha ogisijeni. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'inyuma ni iyo gukora ogisijeni y'amazi nyuma yo kumisha no gusukura, cyangwa ogisijeni yo kwa muganga binyuze mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza. Ariko, ubunyangamugayo bw'iyi miterere y'ikoreshwa buracyakeneye kwemezwa kurushaho.
8. Sisitemu y'amazi akonjesha
Uburyo bwo gupima amazi hakoreshejwe electrolysis ni uburyo bwo gukora electrolysis, kandi uburyo bwo gukora hydrogen bugomba guhabwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ariko, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu buryo bwo gupima amazi zirenze uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bw'uburyo bwo gupima amazi hakoreshejwe electrolysis. Mu yandi magambo, igice cy'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolysis gihinduka ubushyuhe, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushyushya sisitemu yo gupima amazi mu ntangiriro, bikazamura ubushyuhe bw'umuti wa alkaline ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe busabwa bwa 90 ± 5 ℃ ku bikoresho. Iyo ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolysis ikomeje gukora nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bugenwe, ubushyuhe butangwa bugomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe amazi akonje kugira ngo ubushyuhe busanzwe bw'agace ka electrolysis bugume bumeze neza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gace ka electrolysis bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ariko niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, diaphragm y'agace ka electrolysis izangirika, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire.
Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukoresha iki gikoresho bugomba kugenzurwa ku kigero kitarenze 95°C. Byongeye kandi, hydrogen na ogisijeni byakozwe nabyo bigomba gukonjeshwa no gukurwamo ubushuhe, kandi igikoresho gikosora thyristor gikonjeshwa n'amazi gifite imiyoboro ikenewe yo gukonjesha.
Ipompe y'ibikoresho binini nayo isaba ko amazi akonje akoreshwa.
- Uburyo bwo kuzuza azote no kuyisukura
Mbere yo gukemura ikibazo no gukoresha igikoresho, hagomba gukorwa ikizamini cyo gufunga azote kuri sisitemu. Mbere yo gutangira gukoresha ikoranabuhanga risanzwe, hasabwa kandi gusukura urwego rwa gazi muri sisitemu ukoresheje azote kugira ngo hamenyekane ko gazi iri mu mwanya wa gazi ku mpande zombi za hydrogen na ogisijeni iri kure y’aho ishobora gushya cyangwa guturika.
Nyuma y’uko ibikoresho bifunzwe, sisitemu yo kugenzura izahita igumana umuvuduko kandi igumane ingano runaka ya hydrogen na ogisijeni muri sisitemu. Iyo umuvuduko ukiri mu gihe cyo gutangira, nta mpamvu yo gukora igikorwa cyo gusohora. Ariko, niba umuvuduko ugabanutse burundu, igikorwa cyo gusohora azote kigomba kongera gukorwa.
- Sisitemu yo kumisha hydrogen (gusukura) (ni ngombwa)
Gazi ya hydrogen ikorwa mu buryo bwa electrolysis y'amazi ikurwamo ubushuhe hakoreshejwe icyuma cyumisha amazi gihuye, hanyuma kigasukurwa na filter ya nickel tube kugira ngo haboneke gaze ya hydrogen yumye. Dukurikije ibisabwa n'umukoresha kuri hydrogen y'ibicuruzwa, sisitemu ishobora kongeramo igikoresho cyo gusukura, gikoresha palladium platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxygenation kugira ngo isukure.
Hydrogen ikorwa n'ishami rikora hydrogène rikoresha electrolysis y'amazi yoherezwa mu ishami ritunganya hydrogène binyuze mu kigega cy'amazi.
Gazi ya hydrogen ibanza kunyura mu munara wo gukuraho ogisijeni, kandi iyo ikoreshejwe na katalisiti, ogisijeni iri muri gazi ya hydrogen ihura na gazi ya hydrogen ikabyara amazi.
Ifishi y'inyito: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Hanyuma, gazi ya hydrogen inyura mu cyuma gikonjesha gazi ya hydrogen (gikonjesha gazi kugira ngo ihuze umwuka w’amazi mu mazi, ayo mazi agasohoka mu buryo bwikora anyuze mu cyuma gikusanya amazi) maze kikinjira mu munara wo kuvomera amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024
