Amashanyarazihydrogenishami ribyara umusaruro urimo amashanyarazi yuzuyehydrogenibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro, hamwe nibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo:
1. Akagari ka electrolytike
2. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya amazi ya gaze
3. Sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza
4.
5. compressor yo mu kirere, n'ibindi
hydrogène na ogisijeni ikonjesha, n'amazi akusanywa n'umutego utonyanga mbere yo koherezwa munsi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura; Electrolyte iranyurahydrogenna ogisijeni alkali muyungurura, hydrogène na ogisijeni ya alkali ikonjesha bikurikiranye na pompe yizunguruka, hanyuma igasubira muri selile ya electrolytike kugirango irusheho gukora electrolysis.
Umuvuduko wa sisitemu ugengwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko utandukanye kugirango uhuze ibisabwa muburyo bwo hasi no kubika.
Hydrogene ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ifite ibyiza byo kwera cyane hamwe n’umwanda muke. Ubusanzwe, umwanda uri muri gaze ya hydrogène ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ni ogisijeni n'amazi gusa, nta bindi bice (bishobora kwirinda uburozi bwa catalizator zimwe). Ibi bitanga uburyo bwo kubyara gaze ya hydrogène ifite isuku nyinshi, kandi gaze isukuye irashobora kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwa gaze yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.
Hydrogene ikorwa n’ishami ribyara hydrogène inyura mu kigega cya buffer kugira ngo ihagarike umuvuduko w’imikorere kandi ikureho amazi yubusa muri hydrogen.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu gikoresho cyo kweza hydrogène, hydrogène ikorwa na electrolysis y’amazi irasukurwa neza, ikoresheje amahame ya reaction ya catalitike na molekile ya sikoro ya adsorption kugirango ikure ogisijeni, amazi, n’indi myanda iva muri hydrogène.
Ibikoresho birashobora gushiraho sisitemu yo guhinduranya hydrogène yikora ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Guhindura imitwaro ya gaze bizatera ihindagurika ryumuvuduko wikigega cya hydrogen. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi washyizwe ku kigega cyo kubikamo uzasohoza ikimenyetso cya 4-20mA kuri PLC kugira ngo ugereranye n'agaciro kashyizweho mbere, hanyuma nyuma yo guhinduka mu buryo butandukanye no kubara PID, gusohora ikimenyetso cya 20-4mA kuri guverinoma ikosora kugira ngo uhindure ubunini bwa amashanyarazi ya electrolysis, bityo akagera ku ntego yo guhinduranya byikora umusaruro wa hydrogène ukurikije impinduka mumitwaro ya hydrogen.
Igisubizo cyonyine mugikorwa cyo kubyara hydrogène na electrolysis y'amazi ni amazi (H2O), akeneye guhora ahabwa amazi mbisi binyuze muri pompe yuzuza amazi. Umwanya wo kuzuza uherereye kuri hydrogen cyangwa ogisijeni itandukanya. Byongeye kandi, hydrogen na ogisijeni bigomba gukuramo amazi make mugihe uvuye muri sisitemu. Ibikoresho bifite amazi make birashobora gukoresha 1L / Nm ³ H2, mugihe ibikoresho binini bishobora kugabanya kuri 0.9L / Nm ³ H2. Sisitemu ihora yuzuza amazi mbisi, ashobora kugumana ituze ryamazi ya alkaline hamwe nubunini. Irashobora kandi kuzuza amazi yatunganijwe mugihe gikwiye kugirango igumane umurego wa alkaline.
- Sisitemu yo gukosora sisitemu
Sisitemu igizwe ahanini nibikoresho bibiri, transformateur na kabili ikosora. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ingufu za 10 / 35KV AC zitangwa na nyir'imbere-imbere mu mbaraga za DC zisabwa na selile electrolytike, no gutanga ingufu za DC kuri selile ya electrolytike. Igice cy'ingufu zitangwa gikoreshwa mu kubora mu buryo butaziguye molekile y'amazi muri hydrogène na ogisijeni, ikindi gice kibyara ubushyuhe, bikozwe na cooler ya alkali binyuze mu mazi akonje.
Byinshi mubihindura ni ubwoko bwamavuta. Iyo ishyizwe mu nzu cyangwa imbere muri kontineri, imashini yumye irashobora gukoreshwa. Impinduramatwara zikoreshwa mumazi ya hydrogène y’amazi ya hydrolytique ni transformateur zidasanzwe zigomba guhuzwa ukurikije amakuru ya buri selile ya electrolytike, bityo zikaba ibikoresho byabigenewe.
Kugeza ubu, abaministri bakunze gukoreshwa ni ubwoko bwa thyristor, bufashwa n’abakora ibikoresho bitewe nigihe kirekire cyo gukoresha, guhagarara neza, nigiciro gito. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubera gukenera guhuza ibikoresho binini n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa imbere, imikorere yo guhindura kabine ya thyristor ikosora ni mike. Kugeza ubu, uruganda rutandukanye rukosora abaministri baharanira kwemeza akabati gashya ka IGBT. IGBT isanzwe isanzwe mu zindi nganda nk'ingufu z'umuyaga, kandi byizerwa ko akabati gakosora IGBT kazagira iterambere rikomeye mu gihe kiri imbere.
- Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza guverinoma
Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ingufu mu bice bitandukanye bifite moteri muri hydrogène ya ogisijeni yo gutandukanya no kweza inyuma y’ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za hydrogène y’amazi ya electrolytike, harimo 400V cyangwa bakunze kwita ibikoresho 380V. Ibikoresho birimo pompe yizunguruka ya alkali murwego rwo gutandukanya hydrogen ogisijeni hamwe na pompe yamazi yo kwisiga muri sisitemu yo gufasha; Amashanyarazi yo gukoresha insinga zishyushya muri sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza, hamwe na sisitemu yubufasha isabwa muri sisitemu yose nkimashini zamazi meza, chillers, compressor de air, iminara ikonjesha, hamwe na compressor ya hydrogène yinyuma, imashini za hydrogenation, nibindi ., ikubiyemo kandi amashanyarazi yo kumurika, kugenzura, hamwe nubundi buryo bwa sitasiyo yose.
- ControSisitemu
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ishyira mubikorwa PLC igenzura. Muri rusange PLC yakira Siemens 1200 cyangwa 1500, kandi ifite ibikoresho byerekana imashini ikora imashini. Igikorwa na parameter yerekana buri sisitemu yibikoresho kimwe no kwerekana logique yo kugenzura bigaragarira kuri ecran ya ecran.
5. Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ibisubizo bya Alkali
Sisitemu ikubiyemo ibikoresho byingenzi bikurikira:
Hydrogen ya ogisijeni itandukanya - pompe yumuti wa alkali - Valve - Akayunguruzo ka Alkali - Akagari ka Electrolytic
Inzira nyamukuru nuburyo bukurikira: igisubizo cya alkaline kivanze na hydrogène na ogisijeni mu gutandukanya hydrogène ya ogisijeni itandukanijwe na gaze ya gazi-yamazi hanyuma igasubira muri pompe ikwirakwiza alkaline. Gutandukanya hydrogène hamwe na ogisijeni itandukanya bihujwe hano, kandi pompe yumuti wa alkaline ikwirakwiza pompe ikwirakwiza igisubizo cya alkaline yagaruwe kuri valve na alkaline yumuti wo kuyungurura kumpera yinyuma. Nyuma yo kuyungurura gushungura umwanda munini, igisubizo cya alkaline kizunguruka imbere muri selile ya electrolytike.
6. Sisitemu ya Hydrogene
Gazi ya hydrogène ikomoka kuri cathode electrode kuruhande ikagera kubitandukanya hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza alkaline. Imbere yo gutandukanya, gaze ya hydrogène iroroshye kandi mubisanzwe itandukanijwe numuti wa alkaline, igera mugice cyo hejuru cyitandukanya. Noneho, inyura mu miyoboro kugirango irusheho gutandukana, ikonjeshwa namazi akonje, hanyuma ikusanyirizwa hamwe nuwatonyanga ibitonyanga kugirango igere ku cyera cya 99% mbere yo kugera kuri sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza.
Kwimuka: Kwimura gaze ya hydrogène ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutangira no guhagarika, ibikorwa bidasanzwe, cyangwa mugihe ubuziranenge butujuje ubuziranenge, kimwe no gukemura ibibazo.
7. Sisitemu ya Oxygene
Inzira ya ogisijeni isa n'iya hydrogène, usibye ko ikorwa mubice bitandukanye.
Gusiba: Kugeza ubu, imishinga myinshi ikoresha uburyo bwo gusiba ogisijeni.
Gukoresha: Agaciro ko gukoresha ogisijeni gafite akamaro gusa mumishinga idasanzwe, nkibisabwa bishobora gukoresha hydrogène ndetse na ogisijeni-yuzuye cyane, nkabakora fibre optique. Hariho kandi imishinga minini yabitse umwanya wo gukoresha ogisijeni. Porogaramu yinyuma ni iy'umusemburo wa ogisijeni wamazi nyuma yo kumisha no kwezwa, cyangwa kuri ogisijeni yubuvuzi binyuze muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza. Nyamara, ubusobanuro bwibi bintu byakoreshejwe buracyakeneye kwemezwa.
8. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Inzira ya electrolysis yamazi nigisubizo cya endothermic reaction, kandi inzira ya hydrogène igomba gutangwa ningufu zamashanyarazi. Nyamara, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mumazi ya electrolysis y'amazi arenze ubushyuhe bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwamazi ya electrolysis. Mu yandi magambo, igice cy'amashanyarazi akoreshwa muri selile ya electrolysis gihinduka ubushyuhe, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushyushya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza alkaline mu ntangiriro, kuzamura ubushyuhe bwumuti wa alkaline kugeza ku bushyuhe bukenewe bwa 90 ± 5 ℃ kubikoresho. Niba selile ya electrolysis ikomeje gukora nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bwagenwe, ubushyuhe butangwa bugomba gukorwa n'amazi akonje kugirango ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa zone ya reaction ya electrolysis. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri reaction ya electrolysis burashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, ariko niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, diafragma yicyumba cya electrolysis izangirika, nayo izabangamira imikorere yigihe kirekire yibikoresho.
Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora kuri iki gikoresho burasabwa kubungabungwa bitarenze 95 ℃. Byongeye kandi, hydrogène na ogisijeni byakozwe na byo bigomba gukonjeshwa no gutwarwa n’amazi, kandi ibikoresho bikosora amazi ya thyristor bikonjesha amazi nabyo bifite imiyoboro ikonje ikenewe.
Pompe yumubiri wibikoresho binini nayo isaba uruhare rwamazi akonje.
- Sisitemu yo kuzuza azote na sisitemu yo gutunganya azote
Mbere yo gukemura no gukoresha igikoresho, ikizamini cya azote kigomba gukorwa kuri sisitemu. Mbere yo gutangira bisanzwe, birasabwa kandi guhanagura icyiciro cya gaze ya sisitemu hamwe na azote kugirango harebwe ko gaze mu cyiciro cya gaze ku mpande zombi za hydrogène na ogisijeni iri kure y’umuriro kandi uturika.
Ibikoresho bimaze gufungwa, sisitemu yo kugenzura izahita ikomeza umuvuduko kandi igumane urugero rwa hydrogène na ogisijeni imbere muri sisitemu. Niba igitutu kikiriho mugihe cyo gutangira, nta mpamvu yo gukora igikorwa cyo guhanagura. Ariko, niba igitutu cyoroheje, igikorwa cyo gutunganya azote kigomba kongera gukorwa.
- Hydrogen yumisha (kweza) sisitemu (bidashoboka)
Gazi ya hydrogène yateguwe muri electrolysis yamazi yandujwe nicyuma kibangikanye, hanyuma igahumanurwa nayunguruzo ya nikel yungurujwe kugirango ibone gaze ya hydrogène yumye. Ukurikije ibyo umukoresha asabwa kuri hydrogène yibicuruzwa, sisitemu irashobora kongeramo igikoresho cyo kweza, gikoresha palladium platine bimetallic catalitike deoxygene yo kweza.
Hydrogene ikorwa n’amazi y’amashanyarazi ya hydrogène yoherejwe mu gice cyogeza hydrogène binyuze mu kigega cya buffer.
Gazi ya hydrogène ibanza kunyura mu munara wa deoxygene, kandi ikozwe na catalizator, ogisijeni yo muri gaze ya hydrogène ikora na gaze ya hydrogène kugirango itange amazi.
Inzira yo kwitwara: 2H2 + O2 2H2O.
Hanyuma, gaze ya hydrogène inyura muri hydrogène ya hydrogène (ikonjesha gaze kugirango ihuze umwuka wamazi mumazi, ihita isohoka hanze ya sisitemu ikoresheje icyegeranyo) ikinjira muminara ya adsorption.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024
