Gutunganya amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ni uburyo bwo gutunganya hejuru y’amazi busaba cyane uburyo amashanyarazi ahoraho, uburyo acungwa neza, n’ubwiza bw’umusaruro. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, gukoresha ingufu zisubira inyuma byagiye bikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya amashanyarazi bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwo kunoza ubwiza bw’ipamba n’imikorere myiza y’amashanyarazi ugereranije n’ingufu zisanzwe za DC.
Ingufu zisubira inyuma zishobora guhindura buri gihe polarity y'umuvuduko hagati y'umuvuduko mwiza n'umubi mu gihe cyo gushyiramo plating. Uku kugaruka k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugenzurwa bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ihindagurika rya iyoni muri electrolyte no kunoza imikorere y'aho workpiece ikorera.
Imwe mu nyungu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha amashanyarazi asubira inyuma mu gushushanya amashanyarazi ni ukunoza uburyo icyuma gifatana. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya DC isanzwe, iyoni z'ibyuma zikunda kwirundanya byoroshye ku nkengero no mu mfuruka, bigatuma ubugari bungana cyangwa ubusembwa butwika. Mu gushyiramo imirasire migufi isubira inyuma, ibyuma byinshi biri ku bice bisohoka bishobora gushonga igice, bigatuma umuyoboro ukurikiraho wongera gukwirakwiza icyuma neza ku buso bwose.
Guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi nabyo bigira akamaro mu kugabanya inenge nk'udusongero tw'imashini, ubukana, n'udusimba. Umuriro usubira inyuma ufasha gukuraho utubumbe twa hydrogen n'imyanda ku buso bwa cathode, bigatuma habaho gufatana neza kandi gupfuka neza. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma neza cyane, nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'imodoka, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma.
Indi nyungu y'ingenzi ni ukugenzura neza inzira yo gupfunyika. Ingufu zigezweho zo gusubiza inyuma zemerera guhindura neza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugana imbere, umuyoboro ugana inyuma, igipimo cy'igihe, n'imiterere y'umuraba. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bashobora kunoza ibipimo by'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupfunyika, nka nikeli, umuringa, chromium, na zinki. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhagarara no gusubiramo ibintu birarushaho kuba byiza.
Mu rwego rwo gukora, gukoresha ingufu zisubira inyuma bishobora no kugira uruhare mu kunoza imikorere no kugabanya igipimo cyo kuvugurura. Ubwiza bwiza bwo gusiga irangi bugabanya gukenera gukosorwa nyuma yo gutunganya no gukosora inenge, ibyo bikaba bifasha kuzigama igihe n'amafaranga yo gukoresha. Mu buryo bumwe na bumwe, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bishobora no kongera ubucucike bwemewe bw'umuriro, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gusiga irangi wihuta nta kwangiza ubwiza.
Muri make, ingufu zikoreshwa mu guhindura amashanyarazi zitanga inyungu zigaragara mu buryo bugezweho bwo gusiga irangi ry’amashanyarazi. Mu kunoza uburyo bwo gusiga irangi, kugabanya inenge, no gutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere, byabaye igisubizo cy'ingenzi ku bakora bashaka umusaruro mwiza kandi wizewe wo gusiga irangi ry’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-23-2026
