Igice cya electrolysis hydrogène gikubiyemo ibikoresho byuzuye byamazi ya hydrolysis hydrogène. Ibikoresho nyamukuru ni:
1. Electrolyzer
2. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya gaze-amazi
3. Sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza
4.
5. Sisitemu y'abafasha ikubiyemo cyane cyane: ikigega cya alkali, ikigega cy'amazi meza, pompe itanga amazi, icupa rya azote / bisi ya bisi, nibindi
6. Muri rusange sisitemu yubufasha yibikoresho ikubiyemo: imashini yamazi meza, umunara wamazi akonje, chiller, compressor de air, nibindi.
Mu gice cya hydrogène ikora amashanyarazi, amazi yangirika mu gice kimwe cya hydrogène na 1/2 cya ogisijeni muri electrolyzer ikoresheje umuyaga utaziguye. Hydrogene na ogisijeni yabyaye byoherezwa mu gutandukanya gaz-amazi hamwe na electrolyte yo gutandukana. Hydrogene na ogisijeni ikonjeshwa na hydrogène na ogisijeni ikonjesha, hanyuma ifata igitonyanga igafata amazi, hanyuma ikoherezwa iyobowe na sisitemu yo kugenzura; electrolyte inyura muri hydrogen, ogisijeni alkali muyunguruzi, hydrogen, ogisijeni alkali muyunguruzi, nibindi bikorwa na pompe yizunguruka. gukonjesha amazi hanyuma usubire kuri electrolyzer kugirango ukomeze electrolysis.
Umuvuduko wa sisitemu uhindurwa binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko utandukanye kugirango uhuze ibisabwa nibikorwa bikurikiraho.
Hydrogen ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ifite ibyiza byo kwera kwinshi hamwe n’umwanda muke. Ubusanzwe, umwanda uri muri hydrogène ukorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ni ogisijeni n'amazi gusa, kandi nta bindi bice (bishobora kwirinda uburozi bwa catisale zimwe na zimwe), bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora hydrogène ifite isuku nyinshi. , nyuma yo kwezwa, gaze yakozwe irashobora kugera ku bipimo bya gaze yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.
Hydrogene ikorwa nigikoresho cyo gukora hydrogène inyura mu kigega cya buffer kugirango igabanye umuvuduko wakazi wa sisitemu kandi ikureho amazi yubusa muri hydrogen.
Nyuma ya hydrogène yinjiye mu gikoresho cyo kweza hydrogène, hydrogène ikorwa na electrolysis y’amazi irasukurwa neza, kandi ogisijeni, amazi n’indi myanda iri muri hydrogène ikurwaho hakoreshejwe amahame ya catalitiki ya reaction na molekuline ya adsorption.
Ibikoresho birashobora gushyiraho sisitemu yo guhinduranya byikora kugirango hydrogène ikore uko ibintu bimeze. Guhindura imitwaro ya gaze bizatera ihindagurika ryumuvuduko wikigega cya hydrogen. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi washyizwe ku kigega cyo kubikamo uzasohoka ikimenyetso cya 4-20mA hanyuma wohereze kuri PLC na Nyuma yo kugereranya agaciro kashyizweho mbere no gukora impinduka zinyuranye no kubara PID, ikimenyetso cya 20 ~ 4mA gisohoka kandi cyoherejwe muri guverinoma ikosora kuri hindura ingano yumuriro wa electrolysis, bityo ugere kumigambi yo guhinduranya byikora umusaruro wa hydrogène ukurikije impinduka mumitwaro ya hydrogen.
Amazi ya alkaline electrolysis hydrogène ibikoresho bikubiyemo ahanini sisitemu zikurikira:
(1) Sisitemu y'amazi meza
Ikintu cyonyine gifata mumazi ya hydrolysis hydrogène yamazi ni amazi (H2O), akeneye guhora yuzuzwa namazi mbisi binyuze mumupompo yuzuza amazi. Umwanya wo kuzuza amazi uri kuri hydrogen cyangwa ogisijeni itandukanya. Byongeye kandi, umubare muto wa hydrogène na ogisijeni bigomba gukurwaho iyo uvuye muri sisitemu. cy'ubushuhe. Amazi akoreshwa mubikoresho bito ni 1L / Nm³H2, naho ibikoresho binini birashobora kugabanuka kuri 0.9L / Nm³H2. Sisitemu ikomeza kuzuza amazi mbisi. Binyuze mu kuzuza amazi, urwego rwamazi ya alkali hamwe nubushuhe bwa alkali birashobora gukomeza, kandi igisubizo cyibisubizo gishobora kuzuzwa mugihe. y'amazi kugirango agumane ubunini bwa lye.
2) Sisitemu yo gukosora ibintu
Sisitemu igizwe ahanini nibikoresho bibiri: transformateur na kabili ikosora. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nuguhindura ingufu za 10 / 35KV AC zitangwa na nyir'imbere-imbere mumashanyarazi ya DC asabwa na electrolyzer, no gutanga ingufu za DC kuri electrolyzer. Igice cyingufu zitangwa zikoreshwa mukubora amazi. Molekile ni hydrogène na ogisijeni, ikindi gice kibyara ubushyuhe, gikururwa na cooler ya lye binyuze mumazi akonje.
Byinshi mubihindura ni ubwoko bwamavuta. Iyo ishyizwe mu nzu cyangwa imbere muri kontineri, imashini yumye irashobora gukoreshwa. Impinduka zikoreshwa mumazi ya hydrogène yamazi ya hydrolytique ni transformateur zidasanzwe kandi zigomba guhuzwa ukurikije amakuru ya buri electrolyzer, bityo zikaba ibikoresho byabigenewe.
(3) gahunda yo gukwirakwiza ingufu za guverinoma
Inama ishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutanga 400V cyangwa bizwi cyane nkibikoresho 380V kubice bitandukanye bifite moteri muri hydrogène na sisitemu yo gutandukanya ogisijeni no kweza inyuma yibikoresho bitanga ingufu za hydrogène y’amazi ya electrolytike. Ibikoresho birimo kuzenguruka kwa alkali muri hydrogène no gutandukanya ogisijeni. Amapompe, pompe yuzuza amazi muri sisitemu yo gufasha; gushyushya insinga muri sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza, hamwe na sisitemu yubufasha isabwa na sisitemu yose, nkimashini zamazi meza, chillers, compressor de air, iminara ikonjesha, hamwe na compressor ya hydrogène yinyuma, imashini za hydrogenation nibindi bikoresho Amashanyarazi nayo akubiyemo amashanyarazi kuri kumurika, kugenzura nubundi buryo bwa sitasiyo yose.
(4) sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ishyira mubikorwa PLC igenzura. Muri rusange PLC ikoresha Siemens 1200 cyangwa 1500. Ifite ibikoresho byerekana imikoreshereze yimikorere ya mudasobwa ya muntu na mudasobwa, kandi imikorere na parameter yerekana buri sisitemu yibikoresho no kwerekana logique yo kugenzura bigaragarira kuri ecran yo gukoraho.
5) Sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ya Alkali
Sisitemu ikubiyemo ibikoresho byingenzi bikurikira:
Hydrogen na ogisijeni itandukanya - pompe ya alkali ikwirakwiza - valve - akayunguruzo ka alkali - electrolyzer
Inzira nyamukuru ni: amazi ya alkali avanze na hydrogène na ogisijeni muri hydrogène na ogisijeni itandukanya itandukanya gaze-amazi hanyuma igasubira muri pompe yizunguruka ya alkali. Hano hydrogene itandukanya na ogisijeni itandukanya, hamwe na pompe ya alkali yamazi azunguruka. Amazi ya alkali azenguruka kuri valve na alkali y'amazi ya filteri kumpera yinyuma. Nyuma yo kuyungurura gushungura umwanda munini, amazi ya alkali azenguruka imbere muri electrolyzer.
(6) Sisitemu ya hydrogen
Hydrogen ikomoka kuri cathode electrode kuruhande ikagera kubitandukanya hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ya alkali. Mubitandukanya, kubera ko hydrogène ubwayo yoroheje cyane, mubisanzwe izatandukana namazi ya alkali hanyuma igere mugice cyo hejuru cyitandukanya, hanyuma inyure mumiyoboro kugirango irusheho gutandukana no gukonja. Nyuma yo gukonjesha amazi, ufata igitonyanga afata ibitonyanga akagera ku bwera bwa 99%, bigera kuri sisitemu yo kumisha no kweza.
Kwimuka: Kwimura hydrogène bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwimuka mugihe cyo gutangira no guhagarika, imikorere idasanzwe cyangwa kunanirwa kwera, no kwimura amakosa.
(7) Sisitemu ya Oxygene
Inzira ya ogisijeni isa niyi ya hydrogène, ariko muburyo butandukanye.
Kwimuka: Kugeza ubu, imishinga myinshi ya ogisijeni ivurwa no kwimuka.
Gukoresha: Agaciro ko gukoresha ogisijeni ni ingirakamaro gusa mu mishinga idasanzwe, nka bimwe mu bintu bishobora gukoreshwa bishobora gukoresha hydrogène ndetse na ogisijeni yera cyane, nk'abakora fibre optique. Hariho kandi imishinga minini yabitse umwanya wo gukoresha ogisijeni. Ibihe byanyuma bisabwa ni umusaruro wa ogisijeni wamazi nyuma yo gukama no kwezwa, cyangwa gukoresha ogisijeni yubuvuzi binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutatanya. Nyamara, kunonosora ibi bintu byakoreshejwe ntikiramenyekana. Ibindi byemezo.
(8) sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Inzira ya electrolysis y'amazi ni reaction ya endothermic reaction. Gahunda yo kubyara hydrogène igomba gutangwa ningufu zamashanyarazi. Nyamara, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n'amazi ya electrolysis y'amazi arenze uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwa tewolojiya y'amazi ya electrolysis. Nukuvuga ko igice cyamashanyarazi akoreshwa na electrolyzer gihinduka ubushyuhe. Iki gice Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushyushya sisitemu yo kuzenguruka kwa alkali mu ntangiriro, kugirango ubushyuhe bwumuti wa alkali buzamuke kugera kuri 90 ± 5 ° C ubushyuhe busabwa nibikoresho. Niba electrolyzer ikomeje gukora nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bwagenwe, ubushyuhe butangwa bugomba gukoreshwa Amazi akonje azanwa kugirango ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa zone reaction ya electrolysis. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri zone reaction ya electrolysis burashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, ariko niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, membrane yicyumba cya electrolysis izasenywa, nabyo bizabangamira imikorere yigihe kirekire yibikoresho.
Iki gikoresho gisaba ubushyuhe bwo gukora kubungabungwa bitarenze 95 ° C. Byongeye kandi, hydrogène yakozwe na ogisijeni nayo igomba gukonjeshwa no guhindurwa umwuma, kandi ibikoresho bikonjesha bya silicon bikonjesha amazi nabyo bifite imiyoboro ikenewe yo gukonjesha.
Pompe yumubiri wibikoresho binini nayo isaba uruhare rwamazi akonje.
(9) Sisitemu yo kuzuza azote na sisitemu yo gutunganya azote
Mbere yo gukemura no gukoresha igikoresho, sisitemu igomba kuba yuzuyemo azote kugirango igerageze ubukana bwikirere. Mbere yo gutangira bisanzwe, icyiciro cya gaze ya sisitemu nacyo kirasabwa guhanagurwa na azote kugirango harebwe ko gaze mumwanya wa gaze ya gaze kumpande zombi za hydrogène na ogisijeni iri kure y’umuriro kandi uturika.
Ibikoresho bimaze gufungwa, sisitemu yo kugenzura izahita ikomeza umuvuduko kandi igumane urugero rwa hydrogène na ogisijeni imbere muri sisitemu. Niba igitutu kikiboneka mugihe ibikoresho bifunguye, nta mpamvu yo gukora isuku. Ariko, niba igitutu cyose kivanyweho, bizakenera kongera guhanagurwa. Igikorwa cyo gukuraho azote.
(10) Sisitemu yo kumisha hydrogène (kweza) sisitemu (bidashoboka)
Hydrogene ikomoka mu mazi ya electrolysis yandujwe nicyuma kibangikanye, hanyuma ihindurwamo umukungugu nayunguruzo ya nikel ya filteri kugirango ibone hydrogene yumye. (Ukurikije ibyo umukoresha asabwa kuri hydrogène y'ibicuruzwa, sisitemu irashobora kongeramo igikoresho cyo kweza, kandi kweza bikoresha palladium-platine bimetallic catalitike deoxidation).
Hydrogene ikorwa nigikoresho cyamazi ya hydrolysis hydrogène yoherejwe mubikoresho byogeza hydrogène binyuze mu kigega cya buffer.
Hydrogen ibanza kunyura muminara ya deoxygenation. Mubikorwa bya catalizator, ogisijeni muri hydrogène ikora hamwe na hydrogène kugirango itange amazi.
Inzira yo kwitwara: 2H2 + O2 2H2O.
Hanyuma, hydrogene inyura muri hydrogène ya hydrogène (ikonjesha gaze kugirango ihuze imyuka y'amazi muri gaze kugirango itange amazi, kandi amazi yegeranye ahita asohoka muri sisitemu abinyujije mumashanyarazi) hanyuma yinjira muminara ya adsorption.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2024
