Igice cyo gukora hydrogen cya elegitoroniki kirimo ibikoresho byose byo gukora hydrogen bya elegitoroniki y'amazi. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Electrolyzer
2. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya gazi n'amazi
3. Uburyo bwo kumisha no gusukura
4. Igice cy'amashanyarazi kirimo: transformer, akabati gatunganya ibikoresho, akabati gashinzwe kugenzura porogaramu za PLC, akabati gashinzwe ibikoresho, akabati gakwirakwiza ingufu, mudasobwa ikoreshwa mu gukurura, nibindi.
5. Sisitemu y'ubufasha igizwe ahanini na: ikigega cya alkali, ikigega cy'amazi cy'ibikoresho fatizo, pompe y'amazi, icupa rya azote/akabari ka bisi, n'ibindi.
6. Sisitemu y'inyongera rusange y'ibikoresho ikubiyemo: imashini ikoresha amazi meza, umunara w'amazi akonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha, compressor y'umwuka, n'ibindi.
Mu gice cy’ikorwa rya hydrogene gikozwe mu buryo bwa electrolytic, amazi ahinduka igice kimwe cya hydrogene na 1/2 cy’umwuka wa ogisijeni muri electrolyzer binyuze mu gikorwa cy’umuyoboro w’amazi utaziguye. Hydrogen na ogisijeni bivanwamo byoherezwa mu gitandukanya gazi n’amazi hamwe na electrolyte kugira ngo bitandukanywe. Hydrogen na Ogisijeni bikonjeshwa na hydrogene na oxygen coolers, maze drop catcher ifata amazi ikayakuramo, hanyuma yoherezwa munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’uburyo bwo kugenzura; electrolyte inyura muri hydrogene, oxygen alkali filter, hydrogen, oxygen alkali filter, nibindi munsi y’igikorwa cya pompe ikora circulation. hanyuma isubizwa muri electrolyzer kugira ngo ikomeze electrolysis.
Umuvuduko w'iyi sisitemu uhindurwa binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko n'uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko utandukanye kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu buryo bukurikiraho no mu bubiko.
Hydrogen ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ifite ibyiza byo kuba isuku cyane kandi ikaba imyanda mike. Ubusanzwe, imyanda iri muri hydrogène ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi ni ogisijeni n'amazi gusa, kandi nta bindi bice (bishobora kwirinda uburozi bwa catalysts zimwe na zimwe), ibyo bikaba byorohereza gukora hydrogène ifite isuku nyinshi. Nyuma yo gusukurwa, gazi ikorwa ishobora kugera ku bipimo bya gazi y'inganda yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.
Hydrogen ikorwa n'igikoresho gitunganya hydrogen inyura mu kigega cy'amazi kugira ngo ihamye umuvuduko w'imikorere y'urusobe rw'amazi no gukuramo amazi yigenga muri hydrogen.
Nyuma yuko hydrogen yinjiriye mu gikoresho cyo gusukura hydrogen, hydrogen ikorwa na electrolysis y'amazi irushaho gusukurwa, kandi ogisijeni, amazi n'indi myanda iri muri hydrogen ikurwaho hakoreshejwe amahame ya catalytic reaction na molekile sieve adsorption.
Ibikoresho bishobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere ya hydrogen hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Impinduka mu muvuduko wa gazi zizatuma habaho ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'ikigega cyo kubika hydrogen. Imashini itwara umuvuduko ishyirwa kuri mashini yo kubika amashanyarazi izatanga ikimenyetso cya 4-20mA hanyuma ikohereze kuri PLC. Nyuma yo kugereranya agaciro k'umwimerere no gukora impinduka zihindagurika no kubara PID, ikimenyetso cya 20 ~ 4mA kirasohoka maze cyoherezwa mu kabati gatunganya amashanyarazi kugira ngo hakosorwe ingano y'umuvuduko wa electrolysis, bityo bigashyirwa mu bikorwa byo guhindura imiterere ya hydrogen hakurikijwe impinduka mu muvuduko wa hydrogen.
Ibikoresho byo gukora electrolysis y'amazi ya alkali birimo ahanini sisitemu zikurikira:
(1) Sisitemu y'amazi y'ibikomoka ku bimera
Ikintu cyonyine kigira ingaruka mu gikorwa cyo gukora hydrogene mu mazi hakoreshejwe electrolysis ni amazi (H2O), agomba gukomeza kuzura amazi mabi binyuze mu ipompe yo kongeramo amazi. Aho amazi ashyirwa ni ku gikoresho cyo gutandukanya hydrogene cyangwa ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, hydrogene nke na ogisijeni bigomba gukurwaho iyo biva mu buryo bw'ubushuhe. Amazi akoreshwa mu bikoresho bito ni 1L/Nm³H2, naho ay'ibikoresho binini ashobora kugabanuka akagera kuri 0.9L/Nm³H2. Sisitemu ikomeza kongeramo amazi mabi. Binyuze mu kongeramo amazi, urwego rw'amazi ya alkali n'ubwinshi bwa alkali bishobora gukomeza, kandi igisubizo cyo kongeramo amazi gishobora kongeramo amazi mu gihe runaka kugira ngo amazi akomeze kwiyongera.
2) Sisitemu yo gutunganya transformer
Ubu buryo bugizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho bibiri: transformateur n'akabati gahindura imiterere y'amazi. Inshingano yabwo nyamukuru ni uguhindura ingufu za AC za 10/35KV zitangwa na nyir'imbere mu ngufu za DC zisabwa na electrolyzer, no guha electrolyzer ingufu za DC. Igice cy'imbaraga zitangwa gikoreshwa mu kubora amazi mu buryo butaziguye. Molekile ni hydrogen na ogisijeni, ikindi gice gitanga ubushyuhe, bukurwa n'icyuma gikonjesha cya lye binyuze mu mazi akonje.
Inyinshi muri transfoma ni iz’ubwoko bw’amavuta. Iyo zishyizwe mu nzu cyangwa mu gikoresho, transfoma z’ubwoko bwumye zishobora gukoreshwa. Transfoma zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gukora hydrogène mu mazi ya electrolytic ni transfoma zidasanzwe kandi zigomba guhuzwa hakurikijwe amakuru ya buri electrolyzer, bityo zikaba ibikoresho byihariye.
(3) sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi
Akabati gakwirakwiza ingufu gakoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ibikoresho bya 400V cyangwa bizwi cyane nka 380V ku bice bitandukanye bifite moteri muri sisitemu yo gutandukanya no gusukura hydrogen na ogisijeni inyuma y’ibikoresho byo gukora hydrogène y’amazi hakoreshejwe electrolytic. Ibi bikoresho birimo urujya n’uruza rw’amazi mu buryo bwo gutandukanya hydrogen na ogisijeni. Pompe, pompe zo kongera amazi muri sisitemu z’inyongera; insinga zishyushya muri sisitemu zo kumisha no gusukura, hamwe na sisitemu z’inyongera zisabwa na sisitemu yose, nk’imashini z’amazi meza, ibyuma bikonjesha, compressor z’umwuka, iminara ikonjesha, na compressor za hydrogen zo mu gice cyo hagati, imashini zitunganya hydrogen n’ibindi bikoresho Ingufu zitanga kandi amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gucana, gukurikirana n’izindi sisitemu za sitasiyo yose.
(4) sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora bwa PLC. Muri rusange PLC ikoresha Siemens 1200 cyangwa 1500. Ifite ecran yo gukoraho ihuza abantu na mudasobwa, kandi imikorere n'ibipimo bya buri sisitemu y'ibikoresho hamwe n'iyerekana ry'uburyo bwo kugenzura bishyirwa kuri ecran yo gukoraho.
5) Sisitemu yo kuzenguruka kw'amazi ya alkali
Iyi sisitemu ikubiyemo ahanini ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikurikira:
Itandukanya rya hydrogen na ogisijeni - pompe yo kuzenguruka ya alkali - valve - akayunguruzo ka alkali - electrolyzer
Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ubu: amazi ya alkali avanze na hydrogen na ogisijeni mu gitandukanya hydrogen na ogisijeni gitandukanywa n'igitandukanya gazi n'amazi hanyuma kigasubira kuri pompe izenguruka amazi ya alkali. Aha ngaho igitandukanya hydrogen na ogisijeni birahuzwa, hanyuma pompe izenguruka amazi ya alkali irasubira inyuma. Amazi ya alkali azenguruka kuri valve na filter y'amazi ya alkali ku mpera y'inyuma. Nyuma y'uko filter ikuyemo imyanda myinshi, amazi ya alkali azenguruka imbere muri electrolyzer.
(6) Sisitemu ya Hydrogen
Hydrogen iva mu ruhande rwa cathode electrode ikagera ku gice gitandukanya amazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzenguruka kw'amazi ya alkali. Muri icyo gice gitandukanya amazi, kubera ko hidrogen ubwayo ari nto cyane, izatandukana n'amazi ya alkali ikagera ku gice cyo hejuru cy'igice gitandukanya amazi, hanyuma ikanyura mu muyoboro kugira ngo ikomeze gutandukana no gukonjesha. Nyuma yo gukonjesha amazi, icyo gikoresho gifata amazi gifata amazi maze kikagera ku buziranenge bwa 99%, bugera ku gice cyo inyuma cy'umuyoboro cyo kumisha no gusukura amazi.
Gukuramo: Gukuramo hydrogen ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukuramo hydrogen mu gihe cyo gutangira no guhagarika, gukora nabi cyangwa kudakora neza, no gukuramo amakosa.
(7) Sisitemu ya ogisijeni
Inzira ya ogisijeni isa n'iya hydrogen, ariko mu buryo butandukanye.
Kwimura abantu: Muri iki gihe, imishinga myinshi ya ogisijeni ivurwa no kwimura abantu.
Ikoreshwa: Agaciro k'ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni gafite akamaro gusa mu mishinga yihariye, nko mu mishinga imwe n'imwe ishobora gukoresha ogisijeni ya hydrogen na ogisijeni ifite isuku nyinshi, nk'inganda zikora fibre optique. Hari kandi imishinga minini ifite umwanya wo gukoresha ogisijeni. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'inyuma ni ugukora ogisijeni y'amazi nyuma yo kumisha no gusukura, cyangwa gukoresha ogisijeni yo kwa muganga binyuze mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza. Ariko, kunoza ibi bihe byo gukoresha ntabwo biramenyekana. Ikindi cyemezwa.
(8) sisitemu y'amazi akonjesha
Uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi hakoreshejwe electrolysis ni uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi mu buryo bwa endothermic. Uburyo bwo gukora hydrogen bugomba guhabwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ariko, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n'uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi zirenze uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi hakoreshejwe electrolysis. Ni ukuvuga ko igice cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa na electrolysis gihinduka ubushyuhe. Iki gice Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushyushya sisitemu yo gushyushya alkali mu ntangiriro, kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'umuti wa alkali buzamuke bugere kuri dogere selisiyusi 90 ± 5°C busabwa n'ibikoresho. Iyo electrolysis ikomeje gukora nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bugenwe, ubushyuhe butangwa bugomba gukoreshwa Amazi akonje arasohoka kugira ngo agumane ubushyuhe busanzwe bw'agace ka electrolysis. Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gace ka electrolysis bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ariko niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, ururenda rw'agace ka electrolysis ruzangirika, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire.
Iki gikoresho gisaba ko ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bugumana ubushyuhe butarenze 95°C. Byongeye kandi, hydrogen na ogisijeni byakozwe nabyo bigomba gukonjeshwa no gukurwaho ubushuhe, kandi igikoresho gikosora silicon gikonjeshwa n'amazi gifite imiyoboro ikenewe yo gukonjesha.
Ipompe y'ibikoresho binini nayo isaba ko amazi akonje akoreshwa.
(9) Sisitemu yo kuzuza azote no kuyisukura
Mbere yo gukosora no gukoresha igikoresho, sisitemu igomba kuba yuzuye azote kugira ngo ipime ubukana bw'umwuka. Mbere yo gutangira gukora neza, igice cya gazi cy'iyi sisitemu nacyo gisabwa gusukurwa na azote kugira ngo gazi iri mu mwanya wa gazi ku mpande zombi za hydrogen na ogisijeni ibe kure y'aho ishobora gushya cyangwa guturika.
Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bifunzwe, sisitemu yo kugenzura izahita igumana umuvuduko kandi igumane ingano runaka ya hydrogen na ogisijeni muri sisitemu. Iyo umuvuduko ukomeje kuboneka iyo ibikoresho bifunguye, nta mpamvu yo gusukura. Ariko, niba umuvuduko wose ukuweho, bizakenera kongera gusukurwa. Igikorwa cyo gusukura azote.
(10) Sisitemu yo kumisha hydrogène (gusukura) (ni ngombwa)
Hydrogen ikorwa muri electrolysis y'amazi ikurwamo ubushuhe hakoreshejwe icyuma cyumisha gihuye, hanyuma igakurwamo ifu n'icyuma gishyushya cya nickel kugira ngo haboneke hydrogène yumye. (Dukurikije ibyo umukoresha akeneye kuri hydrogène y'ibicuruzwa, sisitemu ishobora kongeramo igikoresho cyo gusukura, kandi gusukura hakoreshejwe palladium-platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxidation).
Hydrogen ikorwa n'igikoresho gitunganya hydrogene gikoresha electrolysis y'amazi yoherezwa mu gikoresho gitunganya hydrogene binyuze mu kigega cy'amazi.
Hydrogen ibanza kunyura mu munara wo gukuraho ogisijeni. Mu gihe cy'igikorwa cya catalyst, ogisijeni iri muri hydrogène ihura na hydrogène kugira ngo itange amazi.
Ifishi y'inyito: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Hanyuma, hydrogen inyura mu cyuma gikonjesha hydrogen (gikonjesha gazi kugira ngo gikore umwuka w’amazi muri gazi kugira ngo gikore amazi, maze amazi akonje agasohoka mu buryo bwikora binyuze mu cyuma gikusanya amazi) akinjira mu munara wo kuvomeramo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2024
